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A Timeline of Civil Liberties and National Security

A Timeline of Civil Liberties and National Security. Alien and Sedition Acts (1798). Context: Federalists were worried about the effects of the French Revolution. More difficult to become a citizen Easier to arrest/deport non-citizens who “endangered” national security

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A Timeline of Civil Liberties and National Security

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  1. A Timeline of Civil Liberties and National Security

  2. Alien and Sedition Acts (1798) Context: Federalists were worried about the effects of the French Revolution. • More difficult to become a citizen • Easier to arrest/deport non-citizens who “endangered” national security • Could be arrested for criticizing the government

  3. Lincoln Restricts Habeas Corpus (1863) Context: Civil War draft riots in Northern cities. • The constitutional right that protects citizens from random arrest and detention was suspended.

  4. Espionage and Sedition Acts (1917-1918) Context: To punish anyone who opposed the effort to fight WWI. • A crime to interfere with the draft • A crime to speak or publish anything “disloyal...or abusive” about the government or the U.S.

  5. Schenck v. U.S. (1919) Context: A challenge was to the Sedition Act • Supreme Court ruled that free speech could be restricted during wartime. • “clear and present danger” • Can’t yell “fire” in a theater and cause a panic

  6. Palmer Raids/Red Scare (1920’s) Context: Fear of Communism in America • Fear and distrust of foreigners who might be communists led to the targeting of socialists, anarchists (Sacco and Vanzetti), labor leaders and immigrants.

  7. Korematsu v. U.S. (1944) Context: After the attack on Pearl Harbor, anti-Japanese sentiment led President FDR to issue Executive Order 9066 to relocate Japanese-American citizens. • S.C. ruled that it was a reasonable wartime emergency measure.

  8. McCarthyism/Red Scare (1950’s) Context: Fear of communism led by Sen. Joseph McCarthy during the Cold War. • HUAC - to investigate communist activity • Alger Hiss Case - FDR advisor charged with being a communist spy • McCarthyism - to accuse without evidence • Rosenberg’s - guilty of giving nuclear secrets to the USSR

  9. Patriot Act (2001) Context: Passed by Congress soon after 9/11/01 in order to prevent future terrorist attacks in the U.S. • Law enforcement has broader powers to monitor suspected terrorists • Detain/deport aliens associated with terrorist groups • Creation of Dept. of Homeland Security • Most citizens were willing to give up some freedoms in return for improved protection

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