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First Contact

First Contact. What makes an explorer?. Why do we explore?. Vikings Come to Canada. Leif Eriksson First European on North American soil (1000) Greenland to Baffin Island to Newfoundland Named it Vinland Stayed one winter Why might they only have stayed one winter?.

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First Contact

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  1. First Contact

  2. What makes an explorer? Why do we explore?

  3. Vikings Come to Canada • Leif Eriksson • First European on North American soil (1000) • Greenland to Baffin Island to Newfoundland • Named it Vinland • Stayed one winter Why might they only have stayed one winter?

  4. Unfriendly First Encounter • Thorvald (1004) visits Vinland • Encountered Aboriginal group • Called them Skraelings (meant barbarians) • They attacked the Aborginals • Thorvald was killed in the battle Why do you think that Thorvald attacked the Aboriginal people?

  5. Possible First Settlement • ThorfinnKarlsefin (1010) • Ship full of 250 men and women • Son Snorri = First European born in North America • Conflict or weather caused them to leave • Lots of mystery surrounding the Vikings • Oral tradition (nothing written down) • 500 years before another European sets foot on Canadian soil. What other people have a strong oral tradition?

  6. John Cabot • 1497 • Cost of Newfoundland • Claimed land for England • Was in search of India (gold, silk, species) • Found Grand Banks • Fishing was as easy as dropping a basket in the water • King of England pleased (owned apart of Asia) • Sent John on second voyage • Rumours = he was lost at sea • England lost interest in exploring new land. • Fishing did continue What was John searching for? What did he end up finding instead?

  7. Jacques Cartier • Three separate voyages • 1st met Chief Donnacona (Iroquois nation) • Helped explorers • Showed them how to cook the food they had • Cartier kidnapped Donnacona’s two sons • Brought them back to France Why would Cartier kidnap Donnacona’s son?

  8. Second Voyage • Kidnapped to be translators • Sons lied to King of France • Lands full of gold and silver • Second Voyage • St. Lawrence River to Stadacona (Quebec City) • Donnacona warned Cartier about going further • Cartier traveld to Hochelga (Montreal) • Not the way to Asia • Returned to Stadacona • Iroquois saved some of his crew, but many died Why do you think Donnacona wouldn’t want Cartier to go further down the river?

  9. Second Voyage Continued • Kidnapped 10 Iroquois • Donnacona was one • Promised return home • None ever made it back home • Third voyage • Met by unhappy Iroquois • Very short visit Does anyone know what Cartier is known for?

  10. Samuel de Champlain • “The Father of New France” • 1603 France to Canada • With the help of the Mi’kmaq established first colony at Port-Royal 1605. • 1608 he built a second colony at present day Quebec. What kind of fur do you think they traded for?

  11. Met the Huron at present day Montreal • Good relationship wit the Huron people • 1609 allied with Huron and waged war on the Iroquois nation • Led to constant fighting Why do think Champlain would agree to wage war on the Iroquois nation?

  12. Constant war and diseases weakened Huron • 1649 Iroquois almost entirely wipe out Huron • Champlain died in 1635 in Montreal Do you think Champlain should have got in the middle of the fight between the Huron and Iroquois nations?

  13. Henry Hudson • 1607-1611 Four voyages in search of Asia • First two led to north pole • Third led to the United States • Fourth led to Hudson and James Bay area • Never made it home from final voyage • Believed his crew left him behind • His exploring led to British fur trade Why do you think his men would leave him behind? What do you think is named after Henry Hudson?

  14. Henry Kelsey • First European to see Saskatchewan and other prairie provinces • 1690-1691 • Lived with the Plains people • Hudson Bay Company = 40 years • Lived peacefully among the Aboriginal people • Convinced the Plains people to trade with the Hudson Bay Company How do you think he was able to have such a successful relationship with the Aboriginal people? Can anyone tell me what the Hudson Bay Company is?

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