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TEXT NO 6

TEXT NO 6. Questions 51 to 60 refer to the following passage: We believe the Earth is about 4 .6 billion years old. At present we are forced to look to other bodies in the solar system for hints as to what the early history of the Earth was like.

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TEXT NO 6

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  1. TEXT NO 6 Questions 51 to 60 refer to the following passage: We believe the Earth is about 4 .6 billion years old. At present we are forced to look to other bodies in the solar system for hints as to what the earlyhistory of the Earth was like. Studies of our moon, Mercury, Mars, and the large satellites of Jupiter and Saturn have provided ample evidence that all these large celestial bodies were bombarded by smaller objects in a wide variety of sizes shortly after the larger bodies had formed. This same bombardment must have affected Earth as well. The lunar record indicates that the rate of impacts decreased to its present low level about 4 billion years ago. On Earth, subsequent erosion and crustal motions have obliterated the craters that must have formed during this epoch. Scientists estimate the Earth's age by measuring the ratios of various radioactive elements in rocks. The oldest Earth rocks tested thus far are about 3 1/3 billion years old. But no one knows whether these are the oldest rocks on Earth. Tests on rocks from the moon and on meteorites show that these are about 4 .6 billion years old. Scientists believe that this is the true age of the solar system and probably the true age of the Earth

  2. In line 8, the word "obliterated" means (A) created. (B) destroyed. (C) changed. (D) eroded. (B) In this context, obliterated would mean destroyed. Created (A) is the opposite of obliterated. Changed (C) and eroded (D) are not meanings for obliterated. Question 1

  3. According to this passage, how do scientists estimate the age of the Earth? (A) By measuring the ratios of radioactive elements in rocks (B) By examining fossils (C) By studying sunspots (D) By examining volcanic activity (A) The second paragraph states that scientists estimate the Earth's age by measuring the ratios of various radioactive elements in rocks. The other methods are not mentioned in the passage. Question 2

  4. Scientists estimate the age of the Earth as (A) 3 1/3 billion years old. (B) 4 billion years old. (C) 4.6 billion years old. (D) 6 billion years old. (C) Scientists estimate that the Earth is 4.6 billion years old by testing rocks found on the moon and meteorites. (A) 3 1/3 billion years (A) old is the age of the oldest rock found on Earth. Question 3

  5. Which of the following processes led to the obliteration of the craters formed by the bombardment of the Earth by celestial bodies? (A) Volcanic activity (B) Solar radiation (C) Gravity (D) Crustal motions (D) The passage indicates that the craters were obliterated by crustal motions and erosion. None of the other answers were mentioned in the passage Question 4

  6. According to the passage, why are scientists forced to look at other bodies in the solar system to determine the early history of the Earth? (A) Human alteration of the Earth (B) Erosion and crustal motions (C) Solar flares (D) Deforestation (B) Erosion and crustal motions are mentioned in the passage as the cause for the obliteration of the craters that formed from celestial bombardment of the Earth. Human alteration (A) and deforestation (D) are both man-made procesess of recent occurence. Question 5

  7. What is the BEST title for this passage? (A) "Determining the Age of the Earth" (B) "Determining the Age of the Solar System" (C) "Erosion and Crustal Motion of Earth" (D) "Radioactive Elements in Rocks" (A) "Determining the Age of the Earth" would be the primary focus of the passage. "Determining the Age of the Solar System" (B) is mentioned but is not the focus of the passage. "Erosion and Crustal Motion of Earth" (C) is a process that hampered scientific determining of the Earth's age. "Radioactive Elements in Rocks" (D) help determine the age of the Earth. Question 6

  8. Which of the following bodies was NOT studied to give evidence that the Earth was bombarded in its early history? (A) Mars (B) Mercury (C) Jupiter (D) Earth's moon (C) Choices (A), (B), and (D) were all studied to determine if Earth was bombarded in its early history. The satellites of Jupiter were studied according to the passage. Jupiter, choice (C), was not studied, however. Therefore, (C) is the correct answer. Question 7

  9. Bombardment of the Earth at one time by various sized bodies is (A) inferred from what happened on other planetary bodies. (B) documented fact. (C) proven by the lunar record. (D) indicated by erosion. (A) The passage says that there is evidence that the other planetary bodies were bombarded; from that evidence, one can infer that Earth was bombarded as well. There is no mention in the passage that bombardment of Earth is documented fact, so choice (B) is incorrect. The lunar record is discussed in the passage as indicating the decrease of bombardment, not whether it actually happened, so choice (C) is incorrect. The passage states that erosion has gotten rid of any evidence that Earth was bombarded, so (D) is incorrect. Question 8

  10. The level of impacts of the bombardments of Earth have (A) decreased to below normal. (B) increased to a current high. (C) increased after a periodic low. (D) decreased to a current low. (D) The passage states that the number of bombardments "decreased to its current low about 4 billion years ago." Choices (A), (B), and (C) are incorrect because they state that information incorrectly. Question 9

  11. In line 6, the word "bombardment" means (A) an avoidance. (B) an assault. (C) an effect. (D) a cause. (B) "Assault" is the best answer because it is closest to the meaning of "bombardment," which is an attack or battering. An "avoidance" (A) is the opposite of a bombardment, so (A) is a wrong answer. Choices (C) and (D), effect and cause, have nothing to do with the meaning of bombardment. Question 10

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