COLONIALISM AND IMPERIALISM: THE TAKING OVER OF A WEAK COUNTRY BY A STRONG COUNTRY

1. The “scramble for Africa” • COLONIALISM AND IMPERIALISM:THE TAKING OVER OF A WEAK COUNTRY BY A STRONG COUNTRY • BY 1900 EUROPE CONTROLS ALL OF AFRICA!!!!!!!!!

2. DO YOU UNDERSTAND THESE 2 QUOTES? • SUPERIOR RACES HAVE THE RIGHT, BECAUSE THEY HAVE A DUTY. • THEY HAVE THE DUTY TO CIVILIZE THE INFERIOR RACES.” • SOCIAL DARWINISM IS BASED ON “SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST”.

4. WHAT DID AFRICA HAVE THAT EUROPE WANTED? GOLD DIAMOND IVORY OIL FOR GASOLINE COPPER IRON SLAVES, SLAVES, SLAVES (WHICH AFRICAN TRIBAL LEADERS THEMSELVES SOLD!) ETC.

15. POLITICAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES • ANY INDUSTRIALIZATION THAT THEY HAD WAS FORCED UPON THEM, AND IT ONLY BENEFITTED EUROPE • NO INDUSTRIALIZATION! • REMAINED RELIANT ON ONE OR TWO EXPORTS! • STILL HAD TO BUY STUFF FROM EUROPE!

16. SOME BENEFITS OF EUROPEAN COLONIALISM • AFRICA GETS RAILROADS • AFRICA GETS ELECTRICTY • AFRICA GETS TELEGRAPHS AND TELEPHONES • MANY AFRICANS LEARN ENGLISH • MANY AFRICANS GO TO RELIGIOUS SCHOOLS • MANY AFRICANS GO TO SCHOOL IN LONDON OR PARIS (FOR MANY, LEARNING ENGLISH WAS THE ONLY WAY OUT OF POVERTY.)

17. SOME CONSEQUENCES OF EUROPEAN COLONIALISM • AFRICA REMAINS POOR • THERE IS NO MIDDLE CLASS! • EUROPE STEALS ALL THEIR NATURAL RESOURCES • WOMEN STARTED TO BE TREATED VERY BADLY. IN SOME TRIBES THEY WERE EQUALS. NO MORE! • YOU BETTER BECOME CHRISTIAN!!!!! • (IN FACT, BY THE 1960’S AFRCA WOULD HAVE 10,000 MISSIONARIES AND 50,000,000 CHRISTIANS. THE REST WERE PRIMARLY Muslim. • MANY PEOPLE WERE EITHER SLAVES OR HAD TO WORK FOR FREE FARMING OR BUILDING RAILROADS (JUST LIKE THE INCAN AND SPANISH MITS SYSTEM) • ALSO, EUROPEANS WERE FIERCLY RACIST!!!!!

18. ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES • AFRICANS WERE FORCED TO PLANT CASH CROPS (CROPS THAT WERE SOLD ONLY TO SELL ON THE WORLD MARKET e.g. COFFEE, CACAO FOR CHOCOLATE, RUBBER, BANANAS SUGAR • SOME AFRICANS BECAME VERY RICH OFF OF CASH CROPS WHILE MOST JUST HAD TO WORK FOR FREE • A LOT OF THESE CROPS RUINED THE NATURAL AFRICAN ENVIRONMENT • DEFORESTATION • SOIL EROSION • DROUGHT • AND GOD HELP YOU IF EUROPE OR AMERICA FOUND OIL THERE, OR GOLD OR DIAMONDS OR PLATINUM. • YOUR VILLAGE WOULD BE GONE!!!!!!

19. EUROPE FORCED AFRICANS TO PLANT CASH CROPS : CROPS THAT ARE GROWN ONLY FOR A PROFIT; COTTON, COFFEE , TEA ETC.

20. AND AFRICANS HAD TO PICK IT ALMOST FOR FREE. YOU WEREN’T EXACTLY A SLAVE, BUT IT WAS FORCED LABOR. IF YOU DIDN’T DO IT, YOU GOT BEATEN. THIS WHOLE CASH-CROP THING HAD SEVERAL DIFFERENT CONSEQUENCES:

21. OR YOU HAD TO WORK ON THE RAILROADS FOR FREE. OR YOU HAD TO PAY 20% OF YOUR LAND AS “TAX”

22. POLITICAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES • NO INDUSTRIALIZATION! • ANY INDUSTRIALIZATION THAT THEY HAD WAS FPRCED UPON THEM AND ONLY BENEFITTED EUROPE • REMAINED RELIANT ON ONE OR TWO EXPORTS! • STILL HAD TO BUY STUFF FROM EUROPE!

23. KING LEOPOLD OF BELGIUM

26. THE BRITSIH EMPIRE

29. SOUTH AFRICA: • AT FIRST SOUTH AFRICA IS RULED BY A GUY NAMED SHAKA ZULU, WHO IS A TRIBAL WARLORD IN THE AREA • BUT THEN BARTHOLOMUE DIAS FINDS SOUTH AFRICA AND NAMES IT THE CAPE OF GOOD HOPE FOR EUROPE • EVENTUALLY, THE DUTCH (HOLLAND) COME AND KICK THE ZULU OUT • THE DUTCH BECOME KNOWN AS AFRIKAANERS AND THEY ARE FIERCLY RACIST AGIANST THE NATIVE SOUTH AFRICANS

31. BUT ENGLAND DECIDES TO TAKE OVER TO GET A QUICK WAY TO GET TO INDIA. • A MAN NAMED CECIL RHODESLEADS THE EXPEDITION. • THE DUTCH ARE FORCED TO MOVE NORTH, BUT THEN GUESS • WHAT, THE ENGLISH DISCOVER _____ THERE. • THE BOER WAR:THE BRITISH GO TO WAR AGAINST THE DUTCH.

32. GUESS WHO WINS THE BOER WAR? • SOUTH AFRICA BECOMES A BRITISH COLONY AND STARTS PRACTICING APARTHEID, WHICH IS THE SEGREGATION OF BLACKS AND WHITES • APARTHIED WILL NOT END, AND SOUTH AFRICA WILL NOT BECOME INDPENDENT, UNTIL A MAN NAMED NELSON MANDELAIS RELEASED FROM PRISON AFTER 30 YEARS AND IS ELECTED PRESIDENT.

33. APARTHEID: SOUTH AFRICA PRACTICED SEGRAGATION UNIL THE 1980’S BLACKS AND WHITES WERE LEGALLY SEPARATED. WHITES FROM ENGLAND AND HOLLAND ONLY REPRESENTED 11% OF THE POPULATION, BUT THEY CONTROLLED 90% OF THE LAND.

34. NELSON MANDELA

36. AKBAR THE GREAT

38. WHY COLONIZE INDIA? • 1. NATURAL RESOURCES • 2. SO ENGLAND COULD SELL ITS PRODUCTS THERE • (REMEMBER: MERCANTILISM IS WHERE THE MOTHER COUNTRY FORCES THE COLONY TO ONLY BUY FROM THEM AND ONLY DO BUSINESS WITH THEM)

39. AT FIRST THE BRITISH EAST INDIA COMPANY TAKES OVER INDIA FOR ENGLAND • REMEMBER: ENGLAND LIKES SENDING COMPANIES, THAT’S WHY AMERICA HAD A TRADITION OF CAPTIALISM GOING WAY BACK.

40. POSITIVES • BUILT A RAILROAD • BUILT TELEGRAPH LINES • BETTER HEALTH CARE • THE CASTE SYSTEM STAYED, BUT THE BRITISH DID GIVE INDIA AN EQUAL COURT SYSTEM REGARDLESS OF CASTE • MANY INDIANS SENT THEIR KIDS TO BRITISH SCHOOLS

41. NEGATIVES • ENGLAND FLODDED INDIA WITH CHEAP COTTON AND OTHER GOODS. IF YOU WORKED BY HAND YOU WERE OUT OF A JOB • THE BETTER HEALTH CARE LED TO A MASSIVE POPULATION BOOM (TODAY INDIA HAS 1 BILLION PEOPLE) • POVERTY NEVER REALLY WENT AWAY. THE POOR NEVER REALLY BENEFITED FROM BRITISH RULE • NOT SO FUN FACT:TODAY INDIA HAS MORE POVERTY THEN THE ENTIRE AFRICANCONTINENT

45. THE SEPOY REBELLION: MUTINY IN 1857 BY INDIAN AND MUSLIM SOLDIERS (A REBELLION BY THE INDIAN SOLDIERS) THE NEW, MODERN RIFLES THEY HAD TO USE HAD BULLET CARTRIDGES THAT HAD TO BE OPENED WITH YOUR TEETH. BUT THEY WERE GREASED WITH ANIMAL FAT. IF THE FAT CAME FROM PIGS, THE MUSLIMS WERE UPSET. IF THE FAT CAME FROM COWS THE HINDUS WERE UPSET.

46. THE SEPOY REBELLION: MUTINY IN 1857 BY INDIAN AND MUSLIM SOLDIERS (A REBELLION BY THE INDIAN SOLDIERS)

47. CONSEQUENCES: TO QUIET DOWN THE REBELLIONS • ENGLAND GETS RID OF THE EAST INDIA COMPANYAND DECIDES TO REALLY TAKE CHARGE. THEY COMPLETELY TAKE OVER THE COUNTRY AND MAKE ALL INDIANS SUBJECTS OF THE BRITISH CROWN. QUEEN VICTORIA IS CROWNED EMPRESS OF INDIA • INDIA KEEPS A MASSIVE AMOUNT OF SOLDIERS IN INDIA(140 SEPOY REGIMENTS, 16 EUROPEAN REGIMENTS) • CHRISTIAN MISSIONARIES (OF COURSE!)

48. QUEEN VICTORIA IS CROWNED EMPRESS OF INDIA

49. THIS IS WHEN THEY REALLY PUT MONEY INTO THE COUNTRY AND BUILD THE 5TH LARGEST RAILROAD IN THE WORLD. • AND THIS IS WHEN THEY CREATE THE INDIAN CIVIL SERVICE EXAM TO QUIET DOWN THE REBELLIONS. • (SIMILAR TO THE CHINESE CIVIL SERVICE EXAM, WHICH WAS BASED ON CONFUCIANISM. Supposed to be open to everyone, but only rich could participate)