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Lesson 1:  Getting Started with Direct3D

Lesson 1:  Getting Started with Direct3D. COM. COM 은 Component 이다 . 사용은 레고를 하듯이 불러와서 끼워 맞추면 된다 . COM 시리즈중 하나인 direct3D 는 진보한 클래스로 2D , 3D graphics 나 사용하는 software, hardware 또는 그어떤것에라도 사용이 가능하다 . d3d->CreateDevice() d3d->Release(). The Swap Chain and Page Swapping.

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Lesson 1:  Getting Started with Direct3D

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  1. Lesson 1:  Getting Started with Direct3D

  2. COM • COM 은 Component이다. 사용은 레고를 하듯이 불러와서 끼워 맞추면 된다. • COM 시리즈중하나인 direct3D는진보한 클래스로 2D , 3D graphics나사용하는 software, hardware 또는 그어떤것에라도 사용이 가능하다. • d3d->CreateDevice()d3d->Release()

  3. The Swap Chain and Page Swapping • 모니터는 실시간 랜더링된 결과물을 보여주기위해서 초당 60~100Hz만큼 깜밖인다. • 다른 모델로 전체를 새로 그리는것이아니라 절반만 새로 그리는것을 생각해보면 ,top~half 까지 새로 그리고 half~bottom까지그리는 방식인데 이런방식을쓰게 되면 화면이 심하게 찢어지는것처럼 (called tearing) 보일것이다.

  4. The Swap Chain and Page Swapping • Swapping- Drect3D는모니터에 바로 출력하는것이 아니라 buffer 을두고 buffer에 먼저 화면을 그린후 그것을 한번에 화면으로 출력하는 형식을 쓰고 있다.

  5. The Swap Chain and Page Swapping • 더 나은 성능을 위해 3장의 버퍼를 사용하는 모습

  6. The Basic Direct3D Program • Direct3D에서 첫화면을 출력하기 위해서 다음 단계를 거친다. • 1.  Create global variables and function prototypes2.  Create a function to initialize Direct3D and create the Direct3D Device3.  Create a function to render a frame4.  Create a function to close Direct3D

  7. 1.  Create global variables and function prototypes // include the basic windows header files and the Direct3D header file#include <windows.h>#include <windowsx.h>#include <d3d9.h>// include the Direct3D Library file#pragma comment (lib, "d3d9.lib")// global declarationsLPDIRECT3D9 d3d;    // the pointer to our Direct3D interfaceLPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 d3ddev;    // the pointer to the device class// function prototypesvoid initD3D(HWND hWnd);    // sets up and initializes Direct3Dvoid render_frame(void);    // renders a single framevoid cleanD3D(void);    // closes Direct3D and releases memory// the WindowProc function prototypeLRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);

  8. 2.  Create a function to initialize Direct3D and create the Direct3D Device // this function initializes and prepares Direct3D for usevoid initD3D(HWND hWnd){    d3d = Direct3DCreate9(D3D_SDK_VERSION);    // create the Direct3D interface    D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS d3dpp;    // create a struct to hold various device information    ZeroMemory(&d3dpp, sizeof(d3dpp));    // clear out the struct for use    d3dpp.Windowed = TRUE;    // program windowed, not fullscreen    d3dpp.SwapEffect = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD;    // discard old frames    d3dpp.hDeviceWindow = hWnd;    // set the window to be used by Direct3D    // create a device class using this information and information from the d3dpp stuct    d3d->CreateDevice(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT,                      D3DDEVTYPE_HAL,                      hWnd,                      D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING,                      &d3dpp,                      &d3ddev);    return;}

  9. 2.  Create a function to initialize Direct3D and create the Direct3D Device // this function initializes and prepares Direct3D for usevoid initD3D(HWND hWnd){    d3d = Direct3DCreate9(D3D_SDK_VERSION);    // create the Direct3D interface    D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS d3dpp;    // create a struct to hold various device information    ZeroMemory(&d3dpp, sizeof(d3dpp));    // clear out the struct for use    d3dpp.Windowed = TRUE;    // program windowed, not fullscreen    d3dpp.SwapEffect = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD;    // discard old frames    d3dpp.hDeviceWindow = hWnd;    // set the window to be used by Direct3D    // create a device class using this information and information from the d3dpp stuct    d3d->CreateDevice(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT,                      D3DDEVTYPE_HAL,                      hWnd,                      D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING,                      &d3dpp,                      &d3ddev);    return;} HRESULT CreateDevice(    UINT Adapter,    D3DDEVTYPE DeviceType,    HWND hFocusWindow,    DWORD BehaviorFlags,    D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *pPresentationParameters,    IDirect3DDevice9 **ppReturnedDeviceInterface);

  10. 3.  Create a function to render a frame // this is the function used to render a single framevoid render_frame(void){    // clear the window to a deep blue    d3ddev->Clear(0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0, 40, 100), 1.0f, 0);    d3ddev->BeginScene();    // begins the 3D scene    // do 3D rendering on the back buffer here    d3ddev->EndScene();    // ends the 3D scene    d3ddev->Present(NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);    // displays the created frame    return;}

  11. 4.  Create a function to close Direct3D // this is the function that cleans up Direct3D and COMvoid cleanD3D(void){    d3ddev->Release();    // close and release the 3D device    d3d->Release();    // close and release Direct3D    return;}

  12. The Finished Program

  13. Summary • 이제 여행을 출발 하였습니다. • 앞으로 여러분은 Direct3D로 화면에 이미지를 넣어 볼 것입니다. • 창의 색을 파랑에서 검은색으로 변화시키는것을 연습해보십시오.

  14. Lesson 2: Going Fullscrean

  15. Lesson Overview • Setting Up the Screen Size • Changing to Fullscreen Mode • The Escape Route • The Finished Program

  16. Lesson Overview • Making fullscreen is easy • we will cover two things. • how to globalize your screen resolution • mechanics of making a window go into fullscreen mode.

  17. Setting Up the Screen Size • add two directives to the top of our program. screen width and the screen height. // define the screen resolution#define SCREEN_WIDTH 640#define SCREEN_HEIGHT 480

  18. Setting Up the Screen Size • go through your program to where you indicate the width and height of your window. hWnd = CreateWindowEx(NULL, L"WindowClass", L"Our Direct3D Program", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, 300, 300,SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT, // set window to new resolution NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL);

  19. Setting Up the Screen Size • 640 x 480 is rapidly becoming obsolete. • Windows Vista supports a minimum of 800 x 600

  20. Setting Up the Screen Size

  21. Setting Up the Screen Size

  22. Changing to Fullscreen Mode • two of these are handled by changing some CreateWindowEx() parameters. hWnd = CreateWindowEx(NULL, L"WindowClass", L"Our Direct3D Program",WS_EX_TOPMOST | WS_POPUP, // fullscreen values0, 0, // the starting x and y positions should be 0 SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL);

  23. Changing to Fullscreen Mode • set the starting x and y positions to 0. • WS_EX_TOPMOST is self-explanatory.makes the window overlap everything else. • WS_POPUPis less self-explanatory.

  24. Changing to Fullscreen Mode • have to tell DirectX about our new screen resolution. D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS d3dpp; // create a struct to hold various device information ZeroMemory(&d3dpp, sizeof(d3dpp)); // clear out the struct for use d3dpp.Windowed = FALSE // program fullscreen, not windowed d3dpp.SwapEffect = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD; // discard old frames d3dpp.hDeviceWindow = hWnd; // set the window to be used by Direct3D d3dpp.BackBufferFormat = D3DFMT_X8R8G8B8;// set the back buffer format to 32-bit d3dpp.BackBufferWidth = SCREEN_WIDTH; // set the width of the buffer d3dpp.BackBufferHeight = SCREEN_HEIGHT; // set the height of the buffer

  25. Changing to Fullscreen Mode • d3dpp.BackBufferFormat = Direct3D what kind of pixels should be displayed.

  26. The Escape Route • The first of these goes up front with the other #define directives. • Let's ignore the fine details of this line for now. #define KEY_DOWN(vk_code) ((GetAsyncKeyState(vk_code) & 0x8000) ? 1 : 0)#define KEY_UP(vk_code) ((GetAsyncKeyState(vk_code) & 0x8000) ? 0 : 1)

  27. The Escape Route • added to our program right after the frame is rendered. • detect when the 'escape' key has been pressed and tells the program to exit. • PostMessage() function does posts a message on the message queue. // check the 'escape' keyif(KEY_DOWN(VK_ESCAPE)) PostMessage(hWnd, WM_DESTROY, 0, 0);

  28. The Escape Route(Key)

  29. The Finished Program // define the screen resolution and keyboard macros #define SCREEN_WIDTH 640 #define SCREEN_HEIGHT 480 #define KEY_DOWN(vk_code) ((GetAsyncKeyState(vk_code) & 0x8000) ? 1 : 0) #define KEY_UP(vk_code) ((GetAsyncKeyState(vk_code) & 0x8000) ? 0 : 1) // wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)COLOR_WINDOW; // not needed any more

  30. The Finished Program hWnd = CreateWindowEx(NULL, L"WindowClass", L"Our Direct3D Program", WS_EX_TOPMOST | WS_POPUP, // fullscreen values 0, 0, // the starting x and y positions should be 0 SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT, // set the window to 640 x 480 NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL); d3dpp.BackBufferFormat = D3DFMT_X8R8G8B8; // set the back buffer format to 32-bit d3dpp.BackBufferWidth = SCREEN_WIDTH; // set the width of the buffer d3dpp.BackBufferHeight = SCREEN_HEIGHT; // set the height of the buffer

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