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Introduction to Organic Chemistry

Introduction to Organic Chemistry. Functional Group Flashcards. Symbol for the “rest” of an organic molecule. Alkanes. R–CH 2 –CH 2 –R All of the bonds are single bonds (-C-H-, and -C-C-)

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Introduction to Organic Chemistry

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  1. Introduction to Organic Chemistry Functional Group Flashcards

  2. Symbol for the “rest” of an organic molecule

  3. Alkanes • R–CH2–CH2–R • All of the bonds are single bonds (-C-H-, and -C-C-) • Methane      CH4Ethane        CH3-CH3Propane      CH3-CH2-CH3Butane        CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3Pentane      CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3Hexane       CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3Heptane      CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3Octane        CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3Nonane      CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3Decane      CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3

  4. Alkenes • R–CH=CH–R • CH2=CH2

  5. Alkynes • R–C≡C–R • H–C≡C–H Hint: A E I

  6. Methyl Group What would an ethyl or propyl group look like?

  7. Carbonyl Group • Found in 5 functional groups • Ketones -Aldehydes -Esters • Carboxyls -Amides • Example: When group is in middle of carbon chain ketone • Example: When group is at end of carbon chain aldehyde

  8. Ketone • Ketones can be shown in text as: RCOR

  9. Aldehyde • Aldehydes can be shown in text as: RCHO

  10. Ester Group • Esters can be shown in text as: RCOOR HINT: Ester is a “COOC”

  11. Carboxyl Group –or- Carboxylic Acid • Carboxylic acids can be shown in text as: RCOOH

  12. Amide Group • Primary amides can be shown in text as: RCONH2

  13. Amino Group • Different than amide b/c “no” carbonyl group • Primary amines can be shown in text as: RNH2

  14. Hydroxyl –or- Hydroxide -Forms alcohols

  15. Ether Group • Ethers can be shown in text as: ROR HINT: Easter Bunny

  16. Nitrite Group • NO2-(ionic form)

  17. Nitrate Group NO3-(ionic form) Hint: “tres”

  18. Phosphate Group • Symbol is

  19. Sulfhydryl Group

  20. Other basic rules . . . • Functionional groups assume their distinct identity when separated by –CH2– groups. • Thus, the carbonyl (C=O) and hydroxyl (OH) of a carboxylic acid, RCOOH, are part of a single function and are NOT "alcohol-plus-ketone":

  21. Comprehension Check • Name the functional group Ketone Ether Phosphate Amide Aldehyde Amino Hydroxyl Carboxyl

  22. For more practice . . . http://www.execulink.com/~ekimmel/onclick0.htm

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