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CSCW

CSCW. Facilitating group work. CSCW. Computer Supported Cooperative Work Study of how people work together as a group and how technology affects this Support the social processes of work, often among geographically separated people. Examples. Scientists collaborating on a technical issue

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CSCW

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  1. CSCW Facilitating group work

  2. CSCW • Computer Supported Cooperative Work • Study of how people work together as a group and how technology affects this • Support the social processes of work, often among geographically separated people Guzdial, based on Stasko's

  3. Examples • Scientists collaborating on a technical issue • Authors editing a document together • Programmers debugging a system concurrently • Workers collaborating over a shared video conferencing application • Buyers and sellers meeting in eBay Guzdial, based on Stasko's

  4. Research Focus • Often divided into two main areas • Systems - Groupware • Designing software to facilitate collaboration • Social component • Study of human and group dynamics in such situations Guzdial, based on Stasko's

  5. Taxonomy Time Same Different Same Place Different Guzdial, based on Stasko's

  6. Taxonomy Time Synchronous Asynchronous Face-to-face Post-it note Co-located E-meeting room Argument. tool Place Phone call Letter Remote Email, newsgroup, CoWeb Video window,wall Guzdial, based on Stasko's

  7. A more-fleshed out taxonomy Guzdial, based on Stasko's

  8. Styles of Systems • 1. Computer-mediated communication aids • 2. Meeting and decision support systems • 3. Shared applications and tools Guzdial, based on Stasko's

  9. Computer-mediated Communication Aids • Examples • Email, Chats, MUDs, virtual worlds, desktop videoconferencing • Example: CUSee-Me Guzdial, based on Stasko's

  10. Meeting and Decision Support Systems • Examples • Corporate decision-support conference room • Provides ways of rationalizing decisions, voting, presenting cases, etc. • “Delphi” method: magic? • Concurrency control is important • Shared computer classroom/cluster • Group discussion/design aid tools Guzdial, based on Stasko's

  11. Shared Applications and Tools • Examples • Shared editors, design tools, etc. • Want to avoid “locking” and allow multiple people to concurrently work on document • Requires some form of contention resolution • How do you show what others are doing? Guzdial, based on Stasko's

  12. Example • Teamrooms - Univ. of Calgary, Saul Greenberg Guzdial, based on Stasko's

  13. Guzdial, based on Stasko's

  14. Using the CoWeb Guzdial, based on Stasko's

  15. Features to support collaboration:Recent Changes and Attachments Guzdial, based on Stasko's

  16. Handling contention in CoWeb • No locking • On the Web, how do you know if someone walks away? • But if person A edits, then person B starts and saves edit before A saves, how do you deal with it? • Old way: A “wins,” but B’s is available in history for retrieval • Current way: • Each edit time is recorded • If incoming edit time is earlier than last save, then note collision. Provide user with both versions for resolution. Guzdial, based on Stasko's

  17. We save everything, But it’s mostly social pressure that keeps it working Security Guzdial, based on Stasko's

  18. Social Issues • People bring in different perspectives and views to a collaboration environment • Goal of CSCW systems is often to establish some common ground and to facilitate understanding and interaction Guzdial, based on Stasko's

  19. Turn Taking • There are many subtle social conventions about turn taking in an interaction • Personal space, closeness • Eye contact • Gestures • Body language • Conversation cues Guzdial, based on Stasko's

  20. Geography, Position • In group dynamics, the physical layout of individuals matters a lot • “Power positions” Guzdial, based on Stasko's

  21. Evaluation • Evaluating the usability and utility of CSCW tools is quite challenging • Need more participants • Logistically difficult • Apples - oranges • Often use field studies and ethnographic evaluations to assist Guzdial, based on Stasko's

  22. Evaluation Effort at Calgary • http://www.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/grouplab/papers/2001/01-HeurisiticsMechanics.EHCI/talk/EHCI_2.html Guzdial, based on Stasko's

  23. When the CoWeb fails... • The CoWeb has been successful in many settings • (See papers at http://coweb.cc.gatech.edu/csl/Papers) • But not in Math and Engineering... Guzdial, based on Stasko's

  24. The Challenge of Engineering and Math: Anecdotes • On a mandatory assignment involving a math class studying results from Engineering students’ simulations, 40% of math students accepted a zero rather than collaborate with engineers. • We provided an Equation Editor in the CoWeb for an Engineering and a Math course to facilitate talking about equations. Not a single student even tried the Editor. Guzdial, based on Stasko's

  25. Guzdial, based on Stasko's

  26. Competition • Student quotes on “Why didn’t you participate in CoWeb?” “1) didn't want to get railed 2) with the curve it is better when your peers do badly” “since it is a curved class most people don’t want others to do well” (Note: Students claimed that the course grades were “curved” even when there was none!) Guzdial, based on Stasko's

  27. Learned helplessness • Student quotes: “I haven't posted about questions because I am confident that my answers are wrong.” “I thought I was the only one having problem understanding what was asked in the exam.” “Who am I to post answers?” “The overall environment for [this class] isn't a very help-oriented environment.” Bottom line: For Collaboration to work in Engineering,must be explicit focus to make it work. Guzdial, based on Stasko's

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