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Feasability of protontherapy with lasers plasma accelerators : the SAPHIR project

Palaiseau - FRANCE. Feasability of protontherapy with lasers plasma accelerators : the SAPHIR project. Victor Malka victor.malka@ensta.fr. COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009). UMR 7639. http://loa.ensta.fr/. In collaboration with :.

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Feasability of protontherapy with lasers plasma accelerators : the SAPHIR project

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  1. Palaiseau - FRANCE Feasability of protontherapy with lasers plasma accelerators : the SAPHIR project Victor Malka victor.malka@ensta.fr COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009) UMR 7639 http://loa.ensta.fr/

  2. In collaboration with : A. Flacco, F. Sylla, A. Guemnie-Tafo Laboratoire d’Optique Appliquée, ENSTA-Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, 91761 Palaiseau, France E. Lefebvre, R. Nuter, M. Carrie CEA/DAM Ile-de-France, France Thanks to Prof. A. Smith, S. Bulanov, C. Ma, H. Daido COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009) UMR 7639 http://loa.ensta.fr/

  3. Summary Part 1 : Short review of laser produced proton beam Part 2 : On the use of proton beam for oncology Part 3 : The SAPHIR project Part 4 :Conclusion and perspectives COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009) UMR 7639 http://loa.ensta.fr/

  4. Protons acceleration with lasers : Static electric fields COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009) UMR 7639 http://loa.ensta.fr/

  5. Protons are accelerated from both side : Courtesy of E. D’Humières COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009) UMR 7639 http://loa.ensta.fr/

  6. 10 10 Proton number (/MeV) 9 10 8 10 7 10 0 2 4 6 8 10 Protons energy (MeV) 6 10 10 Hz laser at LOA Experimental results : Maxwellian spectra V. Malka et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 15 (2003), Med. Phys. 31, 6 (2004) Robson et al., Nature Physics 3 (2007) M. Borghesi :20 MeV, 1020 W/cm2, 50 fs laser, D. Neely QM? COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009) UMR 7639 http://loa.ensta.fr/

  7. Experimental results : quasi mono energetic spectra 1,2 Simulation Experiment 1,0 0,8 0,6 proton counts [a.u.] 0,4 0,2 0,0 0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 proton energy [MeV] • Schwoerer, H. et al., Nature, 439 (2006) COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009) UMR 7639 http://loa.ensta.fr/

  8. 3D Simulations : quasi mono energetic Spectra @ 170 MeW with PW laser TARGET Gold pe /  = 3 0.5mm 10mm 5mm protons 0.03mm code pe /  = 0.53 • Schwoerer, H. et al., Nature, 439 (2006) COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009) UMR 7639 http://loa.ensta.fr/

  9. 3D Simulations: Radiation Pressure Dominated regime with Linear Polarization I=1023W/cm2, Target thickness = 1mm, Ne=5 1022cm-3 Esirkepov, Bulanov, PRL 04 COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009) UMR 7639 http://loa.ensta.fr/

  10. 2 D Simulations* : Radiation Pressure Dominated regime with Circular Polarization I=3x1020W/cm2, Ne=1.5 1022cm-3 Target thickness = 0.2 mm S. Pukhov : 3D Results are not so good Macchi A et al 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 165003 Robinson A P L et al 2008 New J. Phys. 10 013021 *Klimo O et al 2008 Phys. Rev. ST-AB 11 031301 COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009) UMR 7639 http://loa.ensta.fr/

  11. Summary Part 1 : Short review of laser produced proton beam Part 2 : On the use of proton beam for oncology Part 3 : The SAPHIR project Part 4 :Conclusion and perspectives COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009) UMR 7639 http://loa.ensta.fr/

  12. Causes of Local Cancer Failure • The primary cause for local failure is our inability • to deliver a letal dose of radiation to the tumour cells. • The reasons for this include : • We cannot determine the exact location and extend • tumor cells and their route to spread • -Inadequate treatment. • -Proximity of dose limiting normal tissues and organs • (brains stem, optics, lung, gut, etc.) • Less that optimum dose distribution of the radiation • beam used for treatment. COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009) UMR 7639 http://loa.ensta.fr/

  13. Comparison of the dose distribution x ray 100 g ray 80 neutron 60 Relative dose [%] 40 proton 20 tumor carbon ion 0 0 5 10 15 Depth in water [cm] COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009) UMR 7639 http://loa.ensta.fr/

  14. Protons provide superior dose distributions Protons Stop Photons don’t stop The « optimum » dose distribution delivers 100% dose to the tumour target and not to critical normal tissues. Proton beams deliver dose distribution that are more optimum than those from photon beams This should result in improved clinical outcomes when proton beams are used. COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009) UMR 7639 http://loa.ensta.fr/

  15. Protons provide superior dose distributions COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009) UMR 7639 http://loa.ensta.fr/

  16. Protontherapy Facilities in the World • 26 facilities worldwide treating patients • 6 in Japan (4 hospital-based) : Chiban, NCC East-Kashiva, HIBMC-Hyogo, PMRC-Tsukuba, WERC-Wakasa, Shizuoka,Cancer Center • 6 in the United States (4 hospital-based) : LLUMC, MGH, MDACC, Univ. of Florida, Univ. of Indiana, UC Davis • 10 in Europe/Russia • 4 additional facilites (UK, China, Korea, South Africa) • > 55,000 patients have been treated with proton beams • 22 additional Institutions worldwide are developing new facilities COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009) UMR 7639 http://loa.ensta.fr/

  17. Protontherapy Facilities in the World TREATING : PROTONS 26, CARBON IONS 3 COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009) UMR 7639 http://loa.ensta.fr/

  18. Protontherapy center : large & expensive & performant COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009) UMR 7639 http://loa.ensta.fr/

  19. Accelerators used in protonthrapy COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009) UMR 7639 http://loa.ensta.fr/

  20. Accelerators specifications protontherapy • Diameter : 3,4 m • Weigth 60 tons • « self » radioprotection  • Courant max : 500 nA (3. 1012 p.s-1) • Output Energiy : 250 MeV • Extraction efficiency : 80 % • Emittance : few p-mm.mrad • 95 % reliability (garanty by the compagny) • 6 compagnies in the world • Cost ~10 M€ COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009) UMR 7639 http://loa.ensta.fr/

  21. Accelerators specifications protonthrapy COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009) UMR 7639 http://loa.ensta.fr/

  22. Summary Part 1 : Short review of laser produced proton beam Part 2 : On the use of proton beam for oncology Part 3 : The SAPHIR project Part 4 :Conclusion and perspectives COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009) UMR 7639 http://loa.ensta.fr/

  23. Need for improvement in cancer treatment Tumor Site Head/Neck Gastrointestinal Gynecologic Genitourinary Lung Breast Lymphoma Skin, Bone, Soft Tissue Brain Deaths due to local failure of treatment Deaths/year 22,000 135,000 28,000 55,000 160,000 41,000 20,000 15,000 12,000 13,200 (60%) 54,000 (40%) 14,000 (50%) 27,500 (50%) 40,000 (25%) 4,920 (12%) 2,400 (12%) 5,000 (33%) 10,800 (90%) Total 488,000 171,820 (35%) 350,000 new cancer patients per year in the US COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009) UMR 7639 http://loa.ensta.fr/

  24. Indications for protontherapy in France • Very selective prescription because of the cost and of the weight of the infrastrucutre. Determined by the need of having an high balistic precision. Medical impact Tumour localisation Nb of patient per year Total Major prescriptions Eyes tumours 400 / 450 Neuro-oncology and Rachis 2.000 / 2.500 Childs and adolescent 300 / 500 2.800 / 3.550 Sarcomes retro-peritony 80 / 100 other possible prescriptions ORL 500 / 1.000 Lungs (poumons) 3.000 / 4.000 4.500 / 6.500 other cancers 1.000 / 1.500 Potential prescriptions Some prostate cancers 2.500 / 3.000 3.000 / 4.000 Re-irradiations 500 / 1.000 Estimation of the number of patients to be treated per year in France 10.300 / 14.050 • recent publication: protontherapy should be beneficial for 15% of patients wich requires • radiotherapy treatment (i.e. 27.000 patients per year in France) • Capacity of protontherapy in France : 600 patients per year (800 en 2011). COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009) UMR 7639 http://loa.ensta.fr/

  25. The raisons of a non satisfied medical need -2 protontherapy center in France (Orsay et Nice) -30 centres in « modern » countries -Limitation due : • Cost of the installation : 80 à 140 M€ • Size of the installation : 1000 to 2000 m² Market in progress but still limited by the cost and the size of the installation Estimation of the needed protontherapy center in the world (based on the hypothesis that 15% of patients are treated by proton beam) : • In Europe : 300 • In USA : 150 COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009) UMR 7639 http://loa.ensta.fr/

  26. The SAPHIR/PROPULSE Project Scientific Challenges for an alternative technique • Energy max (150-200 MeV ) • Modulate and control the energy spectrum • Stable and repoducible • Compact Economic Challenges • Reduce the cost • Reduce the infrastructure size • Reduce the radioprotection cost &size • Optimize the energy distribution Project Partners: G. RIBOULET, Amplitude Tech., PDGH. KAFROUNI, Dosisoft, PDGP. BOVAL, Propulse SAS, PDGY. DEMAY, ENSTA, DirecteurP. BEY, Inst. Curie, Dir. de l’Hôpital CurieG. LENOIR, IGR, Dir. de la RechercheD. NORMAND, CEA, Dir. SPAM-IRAMISR. FERRAND, CPO-Curie, Resp. Tech. Goal of the project : • To develop a demonstrator (pre prototype) • Machine cost less than 10-20 M€ • Total size : <1000 m² Phase 1 : 6ME Phase 2 : 14 ME Phase 3 : Prototype COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009) UMR 7639 http://loa.ensta.fr/

  27. Potential advantages of laser plasma accelerators Wall thicknesses of 3 m Radioprotection is strongly reduced Laser beam transport No need of radioprotection Proton beam transport + radioprotection 70 m X Cyclotron or synchrotron (activation) 100 to 400 tons, power> 500 kW Laser chain, weight : 1 ton Power : 10 kW Cost : 10 ME Gantry :10m, >120 tons, 10 MEuros Beam delivering at the end Adjustable beam parameters COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009) UMR 7639 http://loa.ensta.fr/

  28. Russia: courtesy of Prof. S. Bulanov PRESENT-DAY SYSTEM SUGGESTION Протонный ускоритель • General scheme of the GANTRY: • bending magnets; • quadrupole lenses; • couch (positioner); • dose delivery and monitoring system; • procedure room; • concrete shielding. • Magneto-optic system must be precisely • manufactured and capable of being • rotated as a whole (~100 tons ! ). GANTRY IS NOT REQUIRED DOUBLE-LAYER TARGET S. Bulanov,V.Khoroshkov, PPHR 5/2002 COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009) UMR 7639 http://loa.ensta.fr/

  29. Development of Laser-Accelerated Proton Accelerators for Cancer Therapy USA Courtesy of Prof C-M Ma, Department of Radiation Oncology, Philadelphia, USA COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009) UMR 7639 http://loa.ensta.fr/

  30. Summary Part 1 : Short review of laser produced proton beam Part 2 : On the use of proton beam for oncology Part 3 : The SAPHIR project Part 4 :Conclusion and perspectives COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009) UMR 7639 http://loa.ensta.fr/

  31. The concurrent : Dielectric Wall Accelerators An electric field propagates down the bore of the accelerator pushing the proton « packet » in front of it 250 MeV protons in 2 meters The goal is to have a full scale prototype operational in 4-5 years COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009) UMR 7639 http://loa.ensta.fr/

  32. Dielectric Wall Accelerators : artistic view COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009) UMR 7639 http://loa.ensta.fr/

  33. Industrial markert for accelerators: Total accelerators sales increase more than 10%/year COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009) UMR 7639 http://loa.ensta.fr/

  34. Laser based protontherapy projectsaround the world • Projet Fox Chase Center (USA) • LIBRA (UK consortium) • Dresden (Germany) : OnCOOPtics • MPQ (Germany) • JAERI (Japon): « Medical laser Valley »: PMRC • Russia • Italy (Bologna, Prof. G. Turchetti) • Etc…? COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009) UMR 7639 http://loa.ensta.fr/

  35. Conclusions • Proton beam are produced by plasma accelerators : • Stability has been improved by improving the laser contrast  • They produce quasi monoenergetic beam  • Peak energy still moderated (no evolution in 6 years) : 12MeV with 10 Hz laser, 70 MeV with PW large scale laser  • Number of proton per second can be a problem ? • Target fabrication and alignement at high repetition rate ? • Biological response with high current dose? • Proton beam are produced by plasma accelerators : • Stability has been improved by improving the laser contrast  • They produce quasi monoenergetic beam  • Peak energy still moderated (no evolution in 6 years) : 12MeV with 10 Hz laser, 70 MeV with PW large scale laser : 20 MeV with 50fs  • Number of proton per second can be a problem ? • Target fabrication and alignement at high repetition rate ? In progress (LIBRA) • Biological response with high current dose? V. Malka et al., Nature Physics 2008 COULOMB 09, ICFA workshop, Senigallia, Italia , June 8-12 (2009) UMR 7639 http://loa.ensta.fr/

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