Pakistan Council for Science and Technology (PCST)

1. Pakistan Council for Science and Technology (PCST) Presentation to Senate Standing Committee on Science and Technology September 29, 2014

2. Establishment of PCST (Chronology) 1961- Established as the “National Science Council" under the Ministry of Education and Scientific Research 1973- Revision of charter and placed under the newly created Ministry of Science and Technology 1982, 1984 & 1987- Revision of charter 1984- Renamed as the “Pakistan Council for Science and Technology” (PCST) 1997- PCST was designated as the secretariat of National Commission for Science and Technology 1998- Minister for S&T was made President of the Council 2012- Act of PCST in under process

3. Minister for S&T* President Secretary, MoST Vice President Chairperson, PCST Member/Secretary Other Members Composition of The Council PCST 24 Members • Heads of Major R&D/S&T Organizations (9) • Scientists/Technologists to be nominated by Federal government (5) & Provincial governments (4) • Chairperson, HEC • President, PAS • Chairperson, PEC Details * Chairs meetings of PCST

4. Human Resources(Summary)

5. Human Resources

6. Budget (2013-14) (Statement of Expenditure) Rs Million

7. Budget (2014-15)(Allocation) Amount for RPA is not utilized by PCST but provided to the top productive scientists of the country on the basis of their research output as an incentive to conduct quality research.

8. Main Mandate • Advice and assistance to Government on S&T policy formulation and S&T Planning • Collection and publication of nation-wide S&T indicators • Assessment and evaluation of scientific research • Science, Technology & Innovation policy research • Secretariat of the National Commission for Science and Technology (NCST) No overlapping of functions with any other organization Detailed Functions

9. Historical Achievements • Key / important organizations were established on the recommendations / with the contribution of the Council • Ministry of Science and Technology • Higher Education Commission • Pakistan Science Foundation • S&T Cell, Planning Commission • Intellectual Property Organization • Council for Works and Housing Research • Irrigation, Drainage and Flood Control Research Council (now Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources) • National Biotechnology Commission

10. Historical Achievements….2 • PCST played leading role in the formulation of National Science and Technology Policies • National Science and Technology Policy-1984 • Recommendations of 2nd Meeting of NCST-2000 (de facto S&T policy) • National Science, Technology and Innovation Policy-2012 • Science, Technology and Innovation Strategy- 2014-18

11. Impact of Current Activities • Numerical Rating of Scientists conducted by PCST is widely used by R&D organizations and Universities for assessment of candidates for appointments and promotions and awards • Significant increase in the publication of research papers in international journals increased following the initiation of Research Productivity Award by PCST

12. Impact of RPA on Researchers’ Output Significant increase in international research publications Pre-RPA Post-RPA No. of Publications Years Source: Scopus

13. Achievements under Main Objectives(Last 3 Years)

14. 1. Advice and assistance to the Government on S&T policy formulation and S&T Planning • Preparation of key documents • National Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Policy 2012 • Science, Technology and Innovation Strategy 2014-18 • National Research Agenda • 11th Five Year Plan 2013-18 for MoSTOrganizations • Annual Report of MoST • STI Indicators of Pakistan • Input to the documents • Medium Term Development Framework (MTDF 2013-18) • Post-2015 Global Development Agenda (of Pakistan for MDGs) • The New Economic Growth Framework

15. 1. Advice and assistance to the Government on S&T policy formulation and S&T Planning…….2 • Carrying out Technology Foresight Studies and publication of reports in the following areas: • Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) • Energy • Industry • Education • Health • Agriculture • Environment • Water • Electronics • Biotechnology • Nanotechnology

16. 2. Collection and publication of nation-wide S&T indicators • National S&T Indicators (2012, 2014) • PCST collects, compiles and analyzes nation-wide data on S&T statistics on human and financial resources • Has the responsibility to provide this data to UNESCO Institute of Statistics (UIS) on biennial basis • Information on S&T manpower is on “head count” as well as “full-time equivalent” basis • Data includes total number of researchers, technicians & supporting staff, and number of researchers by sector of employment, occupation, gender, age, qualification & field of science etc. • Data about R&D expenditure includes information about source of funding and sector of performance of R&D etc.

17. 3. Assessment & Evaluation of Scientific Research • Evaluation of Productivity of Scientists and Numerical Rating of Scientists of Pakistan • Numerical rating of scientists conducted by PCST is used by R&D organizations and Universities for assessment of candidates for appointments and promotions • Published as “Productive Scientists of Pakistan (PSP)” • An automated online data submission and evaluation system to maintain transparency, accuracy and timely publishing of PSP has been launched • Criteria is based on publications made, patents granted, projects completed, research supervised, awards won, research grants won, agriculture varieties/machinery developed, Impact Factor & Citation of research publications • So far, output of about 11,000 scientists has been carried out

18. 3. Assessment & Evaluation of Scientific Research….….2 • Research Productivity Award (RPA) • For award of RPA, till to date, evaluation of research output of more than 6,800 scientists has been carried out • RPA criteria is based on (i) Impact Factor of the journal, (ii) Citation Index of the research paper, (iii) Patents registered and (iv) Crop varieties produced / machinery developed (v) PhD produced (vi) R&D projects completed • Award ceremony-2012 was chaired by the Prime Minister • Evaluation of Scientists for Medals and Awards by the Government • PCST carries out evaluation of scientists for medals, awards and nomination of prestigious scientific bodies on request of MoST and other concerned agencies (during last 3 years: President’s Medal for Technology, National Civil Awards, Fellowships of Academy of Sciences)

19. 4. Science, Technology & Innovation Policy Research • Should Unfocused Biotechnology R&D be a Cause of Concern for Developing Countries? Some lessons from Pakistan • Technology achievement index of muslim nations – ranking and comparative study TAI-13 • Innovation Index Framework for assessing Ranking of Islamic Countries and Innovation Input- Output Indicators for Measuring Innovation Efficiency of Pakistan • Knowledge-based Economy (KBE) Frameworks and Investigation of KBE Input-output Indicators for Pakistan • Networked Readiness Index (NRI) 2013 Rankings for Developing Countries of Asia and Evaluation of NRI Indicators Rankings of Pakistan • Role of Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) in Innovation

20. 4. Science, Technology & Innovation Policy Research…….2 • Knowledge Economy Index (KEI) 2012: Rankings for Islamic Countries and Assessment of KEI Indicators for Pakistan • ICTDevelopment Index (IDI) Ranking 2013 for Asia and Pacific Countries and Evaluation of ICT Sub-indexes and Indicators for Pakistan • Prosperity Index 2013 Rankings for Asia and Pacific Countries and Evaluation of Prosperity Indicators for Pakistan • Publication Output and Citation Impact Indicators for Bibliometric Analysis of Research Publications of Pakistan • Science and Technology (S&T) Development Indicators in Pakistan and Comparison with selected Asian and Nordic countries • Bibliometric Study of Pakistan’s Research Output and comparison with other Selected Countries of the World

21. Books • History of Development & Implementation of S&T Policies in Pakistan • Directory of Productive Scientists of Pakistan (three editions: 2010, 2011, 2014) • Genetically Modified Food and the Islamic World an Analysis and the Way Forward

22. Miscellaneous • Establishment of two laboratories at NUST Islamabad campus • DOP testing lab. (analytical facility for detecting substances of abuse) • Natural product development lab. • Organization of training opportunities to the college teachers of Balochistan at CIIT, Abbotabad

23. Organization of International / National Conferences / Workshops / Seminars • International conferences • Science & Technology Policies and Planning in SAARC Countries- 2012 • Plants, Peoples and Climate- 2013 • Climate Change Challenges and Opportunities- 2012 • 14thAsian Symposium on Medicinal Plant Spices and other Natural Products- 2013 (Collaboration with HEJ) • 11th International Conference on Frontiers of Information Technology- 2013 (Collaboration with MoIT) • International Conference on Biodiversity (Collaboration with Quaid-i-Azam University)

24. Organization of International / National Conferences / Workshops / Seminars……….2 • National conferences • Technology Foresight and Critical Issues Related to S&T in Pakistan- 2013 • Academia Industry Linkage: Exhibition, Competition and Symposium- 2013 (Collaboration with Uni. of Gujrat) • Plant Biodiversity- 2012 (Collaboration with Quaid-i-Azam University) • Controlling Blood Pressure and other Cardio Vascular diseases with Nutrition & Life style Approaches- 2012 • Future of the Global Muslim Population- 2012 • Innovation to Innovation Summit- 2013 (Collaboration with Institute of Research Promotion) (PCST gave 3 ‘Innovation Awards’ in the Summit) • Conference of the science societies of universities in collaboration with National Academy of Young Scientists ofPakistan -2014

25. Proposals Submitted for S&T Cooperation and Collaboration • Joint Pak – China workshop on “S&T Policies and Planning in Developing Countries”. • Proposal for second Executive Programme between Pakistan and Egypt “Pakistan – Egypt Collaboration in S&T Policy and Planning Studies”. • Pak-Tajik joint workshop on S&T Policy and Planning. • Establishment of “Regional S&T Policy Research and Training Centre at PCST, Islamabad” with the collaboration South Korea. • Exchange and Training Programme of S&T Policy Experts between Pakistan and Japan. • Exchange visits of S&T policy experts between Pakistan and Russia. • Exchange visits of S&T policy professionals between Pakistan and Uzbekistan. • Proposal “Incentive to Quality Producing Teachers of Pakistan” submitted under UNESCO’s Participation Programme for the Biennium 2012-2013. • Proposal “Pak-Saudi Collaboration in S&T Policy and Planning Studies” for joint Pak-Saudi Ministerial Commission.

26. PCST as Secretariat of National Commission for Science and Technology

27. National Commission for Science and Technology (NCST) • Constituted in 1984 • Apex body on S&T matters headed by PM • 27 members • Acceleration of scientific and technological capacity building for rapid and sustainable economic growth • Consideration of major programmes of S&T sector and establish guidelines • Coordination of inter-ministerial and inter-provincial S&T programmes Details

28. PCST prepares agenda and working papers for the meetings of NCST and ECNCST Five meetings of ECNCST have been held Three meetings of NCST have been held (1989, 2000, 2001) Over 300 projects initiated as a result of decisions of the 2nd meeting Recommendations of 2nd meeting served as de facto S&T policy till the approval of the STI Policy 2012 National Commission for Science and Technology (NCST)…..2

29. Activities to be undertaken during 2014-15 • National STI Statistics / Indicators • Survey of R&D organizations and universities for collecting STI statistics has just been completed in September 2014 • Report “STI Indicators of Pakistan 2014” based on information collected from 83 R&D organizations and 155 universities published • Ranking of R&D Organizations of Pakistan • For the first time in Pakistan, ranking of R&D organizations of Pakistan is being carried out by PCST • A criteria for this purpose has been developed • A provisional ranking of R&D organizations has been carried out

30. Activities to be undertaken during 2014-15 ……2 • Productive Scientists of Pakistan • Collection of data and its evaluation is in process for the next publication of “Productive Scientists of Pakistan” • Research Productivity Award (RPA) • Data of scientists for award of RPA-2014 will be collected and analyzed • For the first time, 10 Innovation Awards will also be given • Quarterly Journal “Science, Technology and Development” • The journal is being regularly published since 1982 • Now, it is being upgraded and covers all fields of STI policy studies. The guidelines, and editorial board has been revised, research papers are being evaluated by international experts. The journal is recognized by HEC and is available on-line

31. Activities to be undertaken during 2014-15 ……3 • Survey of S&T facilities & valuable scientific equipment • A survey of S&T facilities and valuable scientific equipment available in the organizations working under MoSThas been launched • It is envisaged that this will help to share resources and avoid wastage of funds on purchase of same (expensive) equipment by different organizations • Planning and Development of Civil R&D Potential for DefenceProduction • The Chairperson PCST is the chairperson of the Sub-committee on Planning and Development constituted by Cabinet under the Scientific Advisory Committee on Defence Planning (SACDP) • PCST is coordinating with R&D organizations of MoST and Defence organizations to come up with useful joint projects • R&D facilities & expertise available with MoST organizations were complied and sent to Defence organizations to share resources

32. Activities to be undertaken during 2014-15 ……4 • Revival of the National Commission for Science and Technology (NCST) • PCST has been designated as the secretariat of the NCST which is headed by the Prime Ministry of Pakistan • NCST has been inactive for some time due to various reasons. Now PCST is making efforts to revive the Commission and hold its meeting. Membership of NCST has been updated and completed. Membership of ECNCST is in process of updation • Gender Mainstreaming in Science and Technology • To attract young girls to opt science career, a database has been developed • Till to date, data of about 800 female scientists working in different areas of S&T has been received which has been included in the database • Information has been made available online through PCST website

33. Activities to be undertaken during 2014-15 ……5 • Technology Foresight studies in the areas: • Pharmaceuticals & Microbiology • Sanitation and Public Health • Space Technology • Development of technician cadre & on-site training in HEIs and R&D organizations for optimal functioning of scientific equipment (collaboration with HEC) • HR development in technician cadre • Capacity building for repair, service & calibration of equipment & instruments • Provide training to operate equipment

34. Activities to be undertaken during 2014-15 ……6 • Academia–Industry Linkages (collaboration with IBA Karachi) • A mega event for fostering linkages between academia and industry will be organized • Large participation from researchers and industry is expected • Students will be especially ecourged to present their projects • PCST-GEF-UNIDOCleantech Programme for SMEs in Pakistan • Development and installation of Carbon Dioxide sequestration technology in Pakistan (Collaboration with NAMA & UNIDO)

35. Activities to be undertaken during 2014-15 ……7 • Encouraging problem-solving research • PCST has started to organize a series of workshops in different major cities of Pakistan in order to inspire and encourage R&D directed towards solving problems of the industry and society. • So far, workshops at Lahore, Peshawar and Faisalabad have been organized. • In these workshops, 237 participants representing 102 organizations participated (R&D organizations, Universities, Other Government agencies, Industry) • Workshops in other cities will be organized during the current year.

36. Proposed Projects (Subject to the approval by competent forums) • Projects Submitted to MoST • Establishment of a Cell at PCST for Implementation of National Science, Technology and Innovation Policy-2012 • Establishment of Science and Technology Policy Research Institute (STPRI) at Islamabad • Establishment of Innovation Management System in R&D Organizations of Pakistan • Establishment of Pakistan Academy of Science and Technology Management and Planning (PASTMP) • Establishment of Database driven Web Portal and Expansion of IT Department of PCST • Projects under Preparation • Virtual Science Education Programme Pakistan • Measuring Innovation Capacity of National R&D System of Pakistan

37. Proposed Projects ……2 • Projects Proposals being Conceptualized • Development of Policy for Gender mainstreaming of Pakistan • Health awareness campaign through Media • Greening Pakistan • Education through ICT • Carbon Mineralization in Pakistan • Excellence Awards for Science/ Mathematics Teachers at Secondary Level • Establishment of Tech TV

38. Issues / Problems • The human and financial resources put at the disposal of PCST do not match with the assigned functions and expected achievements from this organization. • The total sanctioned strength of PCST is only 21 technical officers (only 10 are working in PCST) which is not enough comparing with its mandate. • Meager operational budget (Rs. 66.60 million for 2014-15, inclusive of the pay & allowances, utility bills etc.). • Lack of training opportunities in areas related to S&T policy. • Difficulties in recruiting and retaining of manpower due to unattractive salary, poor service structure, lack of career development opportunities, fringe benefits etc. • Issues related to “undefined legal status” of PCST. • Delays in approval / release of funds for development projects.

39. Proposed Plan of Restructuringas per under approval Act

40. Proposed restructuring of PCST in the Act to make it more efficient and effective • Modification in the composition of the BoG of the Council • Constitution of the Executive Committee of the BoG

41. Existing Composition of PCST 1. Minister for Science & Technology President 2. Secretary, Ministry of Science and Technology Vice President 3. Chief Scientist, DESTO Member 4. Chairperson, PCSIR Member 5. Chairperson, PSF Member 6. Chairperson, PARC Member 7. Chairperson, SUPARCO Member 8. Chairperson, PAEC Member 9. Chairperson, PCRWR Member 10. Chairperson, PMRC Member 11. Chairperson, CWHR Member 12. President, PAS Member 13. Chairperson, HEC Member 14. Chairperson, PEC Member 15-19. Eminent Scientists (Federal Gov.) Members 20-23. Eminent Scientists (Provincial Gov.) Members 24. Chairperson, PCST Member/Secretary 

42. Proposed Composition of BoG of PCST in the Act • Minister for Science & Technology President • Secretary, Ministry of Science and Technology Vice President • Secretary, Planning Commission or his nominee not below the rank of Joint Secretary Member • Secretary, Finance Division or his nominee not below the rank of Joint Secretary Member • Secretary of the Division controlling subject matter of education or his nominee not below the rank of Joint Secretary Member • Chairperson, PCSIR Member • Chairperson, PSF Member • Chairperson, PEC • President, PAS or his nominee Member • Distinguished Scientists / technologists one from each province Members • President, FPCCI or his nominee Member • Dealing Officer not below the rank of JS of the Divisions controlling subject matter of S&T Member • Chairperson, PCST Member / Secretary 

43. Functions and Powers of the Board • Review and approve annual, long-term plans, policies and programmes of the Council; • Approve the annual development and non-development budget of the Council; • Create or abolish posts of such officers and staff and engage such consultants or experts as it may consider necessary for efficient performance of functions of the Council, on such terms and conditions as may be prescribed; • Recommend to the Government to terminate the tenure of the Chairperson before its expiry in case of unsatisfactory performance • Make regulations for efficient conduct of affairs of the Council

44. Executive Committee of the Board Executive Committee shall take decisions on behalf of the Board subject to ratification by the Board at its meeting immediately following the meeting of the Executive Committee unless otherwise authorized by the Board. Composition of the Executive Committee (a) Chairperson of the Council Chairperson (b) One member to be nominated by the Board Member (c) Dealing officer not below the rank of JS of the Division controlling subject-matter of S&T Member (d) Secretary of the Council Member

45. Proposed Internal Re-organization of PCST

46. STI Indicators of Pakistan2014

47. Input Indicators Human Resources Financial Resources Output Indicators Publications Patents STI Indicators Data Analysis Compilation Tabulation Data Entry If data is correct Scrutiny of the questionnaires received back If data needs correction Follow-up • Phone • Fax • Email • Reminders by post Process of STI Indicators Development Dispatching the Questionnaire to Organizations Preparation / Review of the Questionnaire Updating Lists of Organizations R&D Organizations Universities

48. R&D Personnel in Pakistan (headcount)

49. Researchers per Million Population (Comparison with some other countries)

50. Researchers by Sector of Employment (headcount)