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Principles of Immunology Overview of Adaptive Immunity 1/24/06

Principles of Immunology Overview of Adaptive Immunity 1/24/06. “Too many people overvalue what they are not and undervalue what they are.” M Forbes. Adaptive Immunity.

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Principles of Immunology Overview of Adaptive Immunity 1/24/06

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  1. Principles of ImmunologyOverview of Adaptive Immunity1/24/06 “Too many people overvalue what they are not and undervalue what they are.” M Forbes

  2. Adaptive Immunity • Specific host defenses that are mediated by B and T lymphocytes following exposure to antigens, and exhibit diversity and memory.

  3. Word List • Clonal selection • CD 4 • CD 8 • Epitope • Endogenous antigen • Exogenous antigen • Phagolyzosome

  4. Characteristics of Adaptive Immunity • Antigenic specificity • Diversity • Immunologic memory • Self recognition

  5. Interface with Innate Immune System • Phagocytosis • Inflammation

  6. Major Cells of Adaptive Immunity • Lymphocytes • B • T • TH • TC • Antigen presenting cells (APCs) • Dendritic cells • Macrophage • B lymphocytes

  7. B Lymphocytes • Originate and mature in bone marrow • Membrane bound antibody • Ag binding triggers division and differentiation • Progeny • Plasma cells • Memory B cells

  8. T Lymphocytes • Mature in thymus • T cell receptors • MHC restriction • Class I • Nucleated cells • Reacts with CD8 • Class II • APCs • Reacts with CD4

  9. T Lymphocytes(cont’d) • Progeny cells • T helper • CD4 • Class II restricted • Stimulates B and T cells (helper function) • T cytotoxic • CD8 • Class I restricted • Further differentiates • CTLs(killing function) • Memory T cells

  10. Antigen Presenting Cells • Dendritic cells • MHC I and II on surface • Ag is internalized • Stimulates T-helper cells • Macrophages • B lymphocytes

  11. Humoral Immunity • Conferred via serum (cell-free) • Antibody dependent • Antibody functions • Enhanced elimination • Neutralization • C fixation/lysis

  12. Cell-mediated Immunity • Conferred via lymphocyte exchange • Cell dependent • Modulates humoral immunity • Cytotoxic

  13. Antigen Recognition • Epitopes • B cells recognize epitopes alone • T cells require MHC association • Major molecules involved • Membrane bound antibody • TCR • MHC I • MHC II

  14. Lymphocyte Diversity • Random rearrangement of gene segments • 1010 potential specificities • “Mature” lymphocytes are said to be “committed”

  15. Antigen Processing • Exogenous antigens • Phagocytosis • Degradation • Ag peptide/MHC II recognized by T helper • Endogenous antigens • Viral or tumor induced • Complexes with Class I • Recognized by CTLs

  16. Clonal Selection • Occurs in Secondary lymphoid organs • Specificity of all progeny is identical • Explains secondary response • Memory cells more numerous than naïve cells

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