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Formal Ontology

Formal Ontology. Schedule. Sep. 4: Introduction: Mereology , Dependence and Geospatial Ontology Reading: Basic Tools of Formal Ontology Ontological Tools for Geographic Representation. Schedule.

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Formal Ontology

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  1. Formal Ontology

  2. Schedule • Sep. 4: Introduction: Mereology , Dependence and Geospatial Ontology • Reading: • Basic Tools of Formal Ontology • Ontological Tools for Geographic Representation

  3. Schedule • Sep. 5: (Thursday) 4pm Metaphysics talk by David Hershenov (Jointly with Philosophy Department Colloquium) • Sep. 11: Talk by Peter Forrest on Mereology and Time. (Jointly with Philosophy Department Colloquium) • Sep. 18: Truthmaking and the Semantics of Maps • Sep. 25: Vagueness

  4. Schedule • Oct. 2: Granularity • Reading: A Theory of Granular Partitions • [Oct. 9 University Convocation: No meeting] • Oct. 16: Talk by Chuck Dement on: " The Ontology of Formal Ontology" • [Oct. 23 No meeting] • [Oct. 30 No meeting]

  5. Schedule • Nov. 6: 2pm “SNAP and SPAN”: Cognitive Science Colloquium Talk, 280 Park • Nov 6: 4pm Discussion of "SNAP and SPAN“ • Nov. 8 (Friday): 4pm Talk by Berit Brogaard

  6. Schedule • Nov. 9 Day-long Saturday Workshop • 9am Achille Varzi: " From Ontology to Metaphysics" • 10.45 am Berit Brogaard • 12.30 Pizza Lunch • 1pm Achille Varzi: "Ontology and Logical Form" • 3-5pm Barry Smith • Nov. 13 Final Lecture

  7. IFOMIS • Institute for Formal Ontology and Medical Information Science • Some background

  8. The Manchester School • Kevin Mulligan • Peter Simons • Barry Smith • in Manchester 1973-76 • working on the ontology of Edmund Husserl

  9. Edmund Husserl

  10. Logical Investigations¸1900/01 • the theory of part and whole • the theory of dependence • the theory of boundary, continuity and contact

  11. Formal Ontology • (term coined by Husserl) • the theory of those ontological structures • (such as part-whole, universal-particular) • which apply to all domains whatsoever

  12. Formal Ontology vs. Formal Logic • Formal ontology deals with the interconnections of things • with objects and properties, parts and wholes, relations and collectives • Formal logic deals with the interconnections of truths • with consistency and validity, or and not

  13. Formal Ontology vs. Formal Logic • Formal ontology deals with formal ontological structures • Formal logic deals with formal logical structures • ‘formal’ = obtain in all material spheres of reality

  14. Formal Ontology and Symbolic Logic • Great advances of Frege, Russell, Wittgenstein • Leibnizian idea of a universal characteristic • …symbols are a good thing

  15. Warning • don’t confuse Logical with Ontological Form • Russell • Part-whole is not a logical relation

  16. for Frege, Russell, Lesniewski, • Wittgenstein, Quine • Logic is a ‘Zoology of Facts’ • Formal theories are theories of reality • with one intended interpretation • = the world tragically after starting off on the right road

  17. Logic took a wrong turn

  18. Logic took a wrong turn

  19. Tarski, Carnap, Putnam, Sowa, Gruber: • Forget reality! • Lose yourself in ‘models’!

  20. IFOMIS Ontology • is an ontology of reality • Standard Information Systems Ontologies • are ontologies of mere 'models'

  21. Standard Information Systems Ontologies: • programming real ontology into computers is hard • therefore: we will simplify ontology • and not care about reality at all

  22. Painting the Emperor´s Palace ishard

  23. therefore • we will not try to paint the Palace at all • ... we will be satisfied instead with a grainy snapshot of some other building

  24. IFOMIS Strategy • get real ontology right first • and then investigate ways in which this real ontology can be translated into computer-useable form later • NOT ALLOW ISSUES OF COMPUTER-TRACTABILITY TO DETERMINE THE CONTENT OF ONTOLOGY

  25. a language to map these • Formal ontological structures in reality

  26. Property Object a directly depicting language • ‘John’ ‘( ) is red’ Frege

  27. are pictures of Wittgenstein’s Tractatus • Propositions • States of affairs

  28. Parts and Moments • in a directly depicting language • all well-formed parts of a true formula are also true • (The Oil-Painting Principle) A new sort of mereological inference rule – the key to the idea of a directly depicting language

  30. A directly depicting language • may contain an analogue of conjunction • p and q • _______ • p

  31. but it can contain no negation • p • _______ • p

  32. and also no disjunction • p or q • ______ • p

  33. The idea of a directly depicting language • suggests a new method • of constituent ontology: • to study a domain ontologically • is to establish the parts, qualities and processes of the domain • and the interrelations between them

  34. BFO and GOL • Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) • BFO as an ontological theory of reality designed as a real constraint on domain ontologies • (as opposed to conceptual modeling ...)

  35. A Network of Domain Ontologies • Material (Regional) Ontologies Basic Formal Ontology

  36. Ontology • seeks an INVENTORY OF REALITY • Relevance of ontology for information systems, e.g.: • terminology standardization • taxonomy standardization • supports reasoning about reality

  37. BFO • Basic Formal Ontology • = a formal ontological theory, expressed in a directly depicting language, of all non-intentional parts of reality • (an ontology of the whole of reality but leaving aside minds and meanings)

  38. A Network of Domain Ontologies

  39. A Network of Domain Ontologies

  40. A Network of Domain Ontologies

  41. A Network of Domain Ontologies

  42. A Network of Domain Ontologies

  43. Extended formal ontology(BFO Extended by Mind)

  44. BFO Extended by Mind EcO

  45. BFO Extended by Mind LexO EcO

  46. Reality

  47. Reality

  48. Reality

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