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Gender Stratification

Gender Stratification. A social hierarchy that places the characteristics and associated with one gender in higher esteem than the other. Gender as Culture. Israeli kibbutzim Embrace and work toward gender equality. Men and women share in all activities and jobs.

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Gender Stratification

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  1. Gender Stratification A social hierarchy that places the characteristics and associated with one gender in higher esteem than the other.

  2. Gender as Culture • Israeli kibbutzim • Embrace and work toward gender equality. • Men and women share in all activities and jobs. • Girls and boys are raised in the same manner; all children live together in dormitories

  3. Gender as Culture • Margaret Mead • Arapesh – men and women had very similar attitudes and behaviors; behavior is what we would consider feminine.

  4. Gender as Culture • Mundugumor – men and women are both aggressive and selfish; behaviors we might tend to associate with masculinity.

  5. Gender as Culture • Tchambuli – men and women behave differently; roles are reversed from those evidenced in the US

  6. Gender as Culture • Some argue that Mead’s findings are too neat – she went into it looking for particular examples. In the case of the Tchambuli, see observed them shortly after tribal wars; the men were too busy rebuilding to show aggressiveness.

  7. Gender as Culture • George Murdock • Generally preindustrial societies have a basic division of labor based on biological characteristics. • Shared farming responsibilities. • Other tasks (building, tattooing, etc.) just as likely to be man or woman.

  8. Mothering and Fathering • He fathered the child. • She mothered the child. • What is the difference.

  9. Gender and Work • A woman earns 78 cents for each dollar earned by a man. • Spread is closer among younger people and farther among older men and women. • Different types of jobs held by men and women (service & “pink collar”).

  10. Gender and Work • Glass ceiling • Glass escalator • Glass walls

  11. Gender and Work • Comparable Worth – • Payment according to level of skill and responsibility • Affect of family • Mommy Track • Second Shift

  12. Functionalist Theory • Parsons • Instrumental • Expressive

  13. Conflict Theory • Engels • Limits personal development • Divides society • Gives men power over women (patriarchy)

  14. Feminism • Basic tenets • Working to increase equality • Expanding human choice • Eliminating gender stratification • Ending sexual violence. • Promoting sexual freedom

  15. Types of Feminism • Liberal feminism • Accepts basic organization of society • Supports reproductive freedom • Respects family as institution, but seeks change • Socialist feminism • Change in family necessary (“domestic slavery”) • Change only accomplished through revolution • Radical feminism • Patriarchy deeply rooted in society • Calls for elimination of gender (reproductive technologies)

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