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Unit 4 Diogenes and Alexander

Unit 4 Diogenes and Alexander. Contemporary College English Book III. Contents. Warm-up. 1. Background Information. 2. Text Appreciation. 3. Language Study. 4. Extension. 5. What is the meaning of each of the following words? Bookkeeper 记账员

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Unit 4 Diogenes and Alexander

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  1. Unit 4 Diogenes and Alexander Contemporary College English Book III

  2. Contents Warm-up 1 Background Information 2 Text Appreciation 3 Language Study 4 Extension 5

  3. What is the meaning of each of the following words? Bookkeeper 记账员 D.J. 唱片音乐的播音员 Baker 面包师 Cop 警察 Bus-girl 餐厅打杂的女工 Smokey the Bear 森林警备人员 Warm-up 1

  4. Tom, Dick and Harry 一般人 Mr. Right 白马王子 Peeping Tom 登徒子 Warm-up

  5. What did dogs symbolize in the ancient world? They were symbols of shamelessness. Warm-up Question

  6. I.Diogenes II.Cynicism III.Alexander the Great IV.Aristotle & Plato Background Information 2

  7. Diogenes: (412 B.C. — 324 B.C.), Greek philosopher who founded the Cynic school of philosophy, stressing self-control and the pursuit of virtue. He was the son of Hicesias, who was exiled from his home town of Sinope, allegedly for defacing its debased currency. Thereafter, he lived in streets of Corinth and Athens where he is said to have lived in a barrel. He became the prototype of Cynicism. I.Diogenes

  8. Diogenes has been described as a Socrates gone mad. Like Socrates, he saw himself encouraging men to examine their own behaviour, and to live a virtuous life. By this, he meant a life of total self sufficiency free from social restraint, and distracting desires. Living life according to nature was interpreted by Diogenes to mean a back to the basic existence. Virtue lay in requiring the bare minimum for existence. He lived the life of a true ascetic. I.Diogenes

  9. Diogenes deemed man the most intelligent and the most foolish of the animals. For the proper conduct of human life, he claimed, we need "right reason or a halter". Most needed the halter. He is said to have wandered through the market place bearing a lamp in broad daylight proclaiming: "I am looking for a man." It was a matter of self mastery. Slavery was a matter of attitude. Diogenes himself had once been captured and sold as a slave. When asked by the slave master what he could do, he replied: "Govern men", and asked for a buyer who wanted a master. The purchaser made him tutor to his sons who did indeed obey and revere him. I.Diogenes

  10. Cynic Diogenes: Diogenes became a disciple of Antisthenes, who was at the head of the Cynics. Antisthenes at first refused to admit him and even struck Diogenes with a stick. Diogenes calmly said, "Strike me all you want but I will not leave your presence, while you speak anything worth hearing." Antisthenes was so impressed with this reply that he admitted him into the Cynics. Diogenes fully adopted the principles and character of his master. I.Diogenes

  11. comparison: DIOGENES AND ALEXANDER I.Diogenes During his lifetime, Diogenes encountered the most powerful of individuals and treated them with scorn. They in turn responded with admiration. When Alexander announced: "I am Alexander, the great king." Diogenes replied: "I am Diogenes the dog", using his nickname to show his contempt for the titles others valued. Alexander is quoted as saying that had he not been Alexander, he would have liked to have been Diogenes.

  12. Origin of cynicism Cynicism derives its name from the Greek word for Dog. Aristotle refers to Diogenes as "The Dog" and Diogenes had no problem with the nickname. Cynicism was not a school of philosophy, but rather an erratic succession of individuals which began with the philosopher Antisthenes. Cynicism emphasized moral self-mastery, rejection of government, property, marriage and religion. However, Diogenes was not above stealing, claiming all things are the property of the wise. II.Cynicism

  13. Cynicism: A philosophy, first expounded by Diogenes, that encourages indifference to social convention and material comforts in order to concentrate on self-knowledge. The aim of the Cynic was to become self-determining, hence free, by living in accordance with nature. II.Cynicism

  14. Cynics were a small but influential school of ancient philisophers. Their name is thought to be derived either from the building in Athens called Cynosarges, the earliest home of the school, or from the Greek word for a dog (kuon), in contemptuous allusion to the uncouth and aggressive manners adopted by the members of the school. The Cynics agreed in taking a dog as their common badge or symbol. II.Cynicism

  15. From a popular conception of the intellectual characteristics of the school comes the modern sense of “cynic”, implying a sneering disposition, a disbelief in the goodness of human motives and a contemptuous feeling of superiority. II.Cynicism

  16. Alexander III was the King of Macedonia (336—323BC) and conqueror of Asia Minor, Syria, Egypt, Babylonia, and Persia. His reign marked the beginning of the Hellenistic Age. Alexander's conquests and the administrative needs of his Greek-speaking successors promoted the spread of the Greek language and Greek culture across the eastern Mediterranean and into Mesopotamia. III.Alexander the Great

  17. III.Alexander the Great

  18. Plato (427?—347 B.C.?) was a Greek philosopher, a follower of Socrates. He founded the Academy (386 B.C.), where he taught and wrote for much of the rest of his life. Plato presented his ideas in the form of dramatic dialogues, as in The Republic. IV.Aristotle & Plato

  19. Aristotle (385—323 B.C.) was the greatest of heathen philosophers. A pupil of Plato, the tutor of Alexander the Great, and the author of works on logic, ethics, metaphysics, natural sciences, politics, and poetics, he profoundly influenced Western thought. In his philosophical system, theory follows empirical observation, and logic, based on the syllogism, is the essential method of rational inquiry. IV.Aristotle & Plato

  20. His father was court physician to the King of Macedonia. From the age of 17 to 37 he remained as pupil of Plato and was distinguished among those who gathered for instruction. The relations between the renowned teacher and his illustrious pupil have formed the subject of various legends. There were divergencies of opinion between the master, who took his stand on sublime, idealistic principles, and the scholar, who, even at that time, showed a preference for the investigation of the facts and laws of the physical world.   IV.Aristotle & Plato

  21. I.Theme of the Story II.Structure of the Text Text Appreciation 3

  22. Men should live a free life, a life free from the dependencies introduced by culture, society, civilization and opinion. Men are free when they stop toiling and sweating only for themselves. Great men are free and they are few in number. I.Theme of the Story

  23. I.Theme of the Story

  24. Part 1 (paras. 1—9) about: Portrait : Diogenes the beggar Part 2 (paras. 10-11 ) about:Diogenes’ response (as compared to the other people’s ) to the coming visit of Alexander Part 3 (para. 12 ) about:Portrait: Alexander the Conqueror Part 4 (paras. 13-17 ) about: Alexander’s call on Diogenes II.Structure of the text

  25. 1. a (large) corps of Language Study 4 a body of persons acting together or associated under common direction Example: A corps of technicians is/are accompanying the band on their tour.

  26. 2. by design Language Study on purpose, deliberately, intentionally Example: Did you phone me on my birthday by accident or by design?

  27. 3. provide for Language Study a. to take measures in preparation b. to supply means of subsistence Examples: We should provide for the common defense of the states. She provides for her family by working in a hospital.

  28. 4. seek out Language Study to look for something and find it Example: After the meeting he sought out the person who had spoken about the plan.

  29. 5. toil and sweat Language Study to work very hard for a long time Example: The laborers toiled and sweated during the hot summer.

  30. I. Oral Work   II. Writing Extension 5

  31. 1.Group discussion 2.Debating I. Oral Work

  32. Introduce your life philosophy to the group. What do you think can contribute to a happy life? What’s the point of our existence? What can we get from it? Can you give us some tips on how to live simply and happily? List out the virtues that man should value in his life. 1.Group discussion

  33. Topics for debating: Simple life brings happiness. The only thing people are interested in nowadays is earning more money 2.Debating

  34. On life What is the true meaning of life? The impact of globalization on Chinese values. A comparison study of Chinese philosophy and western philosophy on life. II. Writing

  35. Thank You!

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