1 / 11

Culture in practice

Culture in practice. Gert Jan Hofstede Nov 2007. Niko Tinbergen’s questions. Animal behaviour…? cause function learning evolution How about culture?. 1907-1988. Cause of culture. People have Group-wise social structure Moral feelings (good / bad behaviour, reputation)

zuwena
Télécharger la présentation

Culture in practice

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Culture in practice Gert Jan Hofstede Nov 2007

  2. Niko Tinbergen’s questions • Animal behaviour…? • cause • function • learning • evolution • How about culture? 1907-1988

  3. Cause of culture People have Group-wise social structure Moral feelings (good / bad behaviour, reputation) Empathy (laughing!) Education (transferring values and practices for group) Groups differ in environment Climate Substenance (hunt/gather, farm, herd) History → divergence of cultures is expected

  4. Function of culture Societies have scarce resources to divide • sexual partners • power • affiliation → rules of the game are called for, to avoid fighting, jealousy, cultural downfall… → most important: Golden Rule, Categorical Imperative →culture enables group to be a ‘virtuous’ reproductive unit (…and identity creates out-groups)

  5. Learning culture Children learn from • Parents, siblings, playmates about • Being a good child, friend,… Team members learn from • Leaders, one another about… • Being late, mobile phones, saying ‘yes’or ‘no’, … blowing bubbles

  6. Culture and the moral circle • Culture is the unwritten rules of the social game • divide scarce resources • balance our individual drives • …with our moral group needs • Culture is how to be a good member of the moral circle. • if not: outcast • does not apply to non-members!

  7. Evolution of culture Time scales: ±10.000.000 years: apes, versatile social mammals ± 1.000.000 years: early humans, fire → language → conquering niches, travelling ± 10.000 years: agriculture → cities → specialization, warfare, empires, multilevel groups ± 1.000 years same ± 100 years industrialization, public / private ± 10 years information age, ‘global village’

  8. Now: Web, EU Is the EU a moral circle?

  9. Lee Mikkelsen Where is our code? Give it now! 1. No. I have a better plan. 3. Mikkelsen to Yap and Tan Here is my plan. What do you think of it? 2. Lee cc: to many bosses Do as we all tell you! Transpacific trouble • Sequel: • Yap and Tan did nothing. • Bosses alerted by e-mail nr 2. forced Mikkelsen to comply. • Mikkelsen bypassed Lee in new work arrangement • Result 6 months later: Mikkelsen now satisfied.

  10. Scrap Story • Kuala Lumpur plant • Chip production • Production: Malay women • 1st line supervision: Male Indian and Malay • Middle mgmt: Malay and Chinese • Upper Mgmt: Chinese • Chinese / US: executive New US executive: “reduce scrap!” Scrap halved by end 1st quarter! Malay woman standing alone 2nd quarter: inventory losses stagger Toilets clog up

  11. Culture as a moral compass • These stories are about proper / improper • common rules-of-the-game are lacking • …and nobody knows this • Adaptability got us here • It will take us further • Enemies to social cohesion • Fear, Ignorance • Irresponsibility of leaders • We need to • know ourselves • know our differences • be one moral group

More Related