Mayer - World History - Age of Exploration

1. The Age of Exploration (1400-1700’s)

2. What? • The Age of Exploration is a period where explorers from Europe set out to explore the rest of the world and finally connect the two hemispheres of the world. • When? • The Age of Exploration begins in the early 1400’s and continues well into the 1700’s. • Where? • The explorers come from all of the countries of Europe and they travel to almost every corner of the planet including Africa, Asia, and the Americas. • Who? • Dozens of explorers make themselves famous during this time, but even more millions of people are affected by their actions.

3. WORD WALL colony conquistador mercantilism slavery plantation raw materials finished goods balance of trade

4. Topic 1: Reasons for Exploration

5. Learning Goal • Students will be able to list the main reasons for European exploration during the 1400-1700’s and explain how each reason motivated European exploration.

6. Reasons for Exploration • Throughout the period of the early 1400’s through the late 1600’s Europeans began to venture out of Europe and into the rest of the world looking for wealth, fame, and religious expansion. • We categorize the 3 main reasons for the Age of Exploration as • 1. Gold • 2. Glory • 3. God

7. Reasons for Exploration • GOLD • The first voyages of exploration are definitely financially motivated. During the Renaissance, Europeans are obsessed with spices, silk, and other goods from India and China. • But, these goods are very expensive because they have to come mainly over land. Also, Europeans must deal with Muslim traders to get them, who are not usually friendly to Christians

9. Reasons for Exploration • GOLD • The Portuguese are the first to try to find a way to get around the Middle East. They begin traveling south along the coast of Africa and eventually make it to India after several decades. • Henry the Navigator – 1480’s – Along the coast of Africa • Bartolomeu Dias – 1487 – Around the southern tip of Africa • Vasco DeGama – 1497 – Completes full voyage around Africa, to India, and back with spices • They set up trading colonies along the coast of Africa and in India and soon have a monopoly on trade with the Asia and Africa. • Because of this monopoly, other countries try to reach Asia by traveling west, instead of around Africa. What they discover is a whole new world they never knew existed.

11. Reasons for Exploration • GLORY • By traveling west, explorers discover the New World (the Americas). • Exploration of this new land calls for many young, brave explorers who are willing to risk their lives to explore and conquer this new territory for their home country. • Many of these explorers negotiate deals with the kings and queens of Europe which grant them power and rule over any land they can discover and conquer for their county. This encourages many poor and middle class men to try their luck in the New World. • Many of these explorers also become hugely famous. They are able to name new lands after themselves and discover new people, animals, plants, and places their friends and family would never see.

12. Reasons for Exploration • GOD • As the Europeans establish themselves permanently in the Americas they begin the spread their culture, language, and most importantly, religion to the natives. • In many places, the Europeans see this as a mission from God. They are responsible for bringing Christianity to people that they see as uneducated savages. • Spanish Catholic missionaries in Mexico, Caribbean, and South America • Other Europeans also use the Americas as a place to escape religious conflict in Europe and start and new life. • Pilgrims in Massachusetts • Quakers in Pennsylvania • Puritans in Maryland and New England

13. Essential Question • What were the main reasons for European exploration in the 1400-1700’s? • The main reasons for European exploration in the 1400-1700’s were _____________________________________________.

14. Essential Question • How did each of these reasons motivate exploration? • ___________________ motivated European exploration by _____________________________________________. • Elaboration • Evidence • 1. • 2. • 3.

15. Learning Scale 4 – I can explain all of the reasons for European exploration and show how they grew out the Renaissance and Protestant Reformation movements in Europe around the same time 3 – I can explain all of the reasons for European exploration. 2 – I can explain some of the reasons for European exploration. 1 – I can’t explain any of the reasons for European exploration.

16. Topic 2: The Explorers

17. Learning Goal • Students will be able to identify the major European explorers of this era and the motivation for their voyages.

18. THE EXPLORERS See your Explorers Matching Worksheet

19. Learning Scale 4 – I can identify all of the major European explorers and their voyages as well as give detailed explanation of at least one explorer’s life and voyages. 3 – I can identify all of the major European explorers and their voyages. 2 – I can identify a few of the major European explorers and their voyages. 1 – I can’t identify any of the major European explorers or their voyages.

20. Topic 3: The Effects of Exploration

21. Learning Goal • Students will be able to explain the effects of European exploration in the 1400-1700’s on Europe, Africa, and the Americas.

22. Effects of Exploration • Permanent settlement of Europeans had life shattering effects on not only America, but Europe and Africa as well. • By connecting the two halves of the world permanently; colonization changed how everyone on those continents lived. • The immediate effects are: • 1. Destruction of Native American Civilization • 2. The Colonial System • 3. The Atlantic Slave Trade • 4. The Columbian Exchange

23. Effects of Exploration Destruction of Native American Civilization • As number of Europeans increase, conflict with Native Americans increase. • In some areas, they actively seek and destroy the native population and those who remain alive are enslaved. • Encomienda system – Spanish colonies; land was given to conquistadors. Natives on that land forced to pay rent; if they can’t pay become slaves • In other areas, the natives are simply forced to relocate again and again, until they no longer occupy anything close to their homeland. • Reservations – British & French colonies, & United States; as Europeans move further west native tribes are forced to relocate to less desirable land called reservations. • Cherokee “Trail of Tears” • In these areas the native culture, language, and religion are forcibly destroyed to make conversion to European customs easier.

24. Effects of Exploration Destruction of Native American Civilization • Worst destruction=diseases from Europe; Native Americans have no natural immunity. • 100 years after the landing of Columbus, the native population of the Americas has been reduced by 90%. • Natives that are not conquered or killed off by disease are forced to accept European religion, customs, and lifestyle to the point that they lose their own identity and culture.

26. Effects of Exploration The Colonial System • Europeans race to claim and hold the best and most profitable land in the Americas, Africa, and Asia. • Colonial system: • New territory is ruled by a governor chosen directly by the king or queen and that only answers to them. • Controlled by home country, but not part of the home country; seen as a possession of the king or queen • People and land treated as property; little control or say is given to colonists • To keep colonies in line, European rulers develop a system of mercantilism

27. Effects of Exploration The Colonial System • Mercantilism: • Colonies are forced to grow or harvest certain raw materials by home country. Those raw materials are then sold to home country at set, low prices. • Home countries process raw materials into finished goods for resale to colonies at set high prices. • Keeps profit high in home countries, limits amount of profit colonies can make. Keeps home country in a positive balance of trade. • This means that the home country is always exporting more $ in goods than it is purchasing from the colonies. • Restricting trade with other empires keeps colonies from growing too rich or powerful. Keeps colonies dependent on home country.

28. Effects of Exploration The Colonial System • Mercantilism: • Effects of this can be still seen in some parts of Latin America: • Low rates of education • Few skilled workers • Most of economy built around extracting natural resources

31. Effects of Exploration The Atlantic Slave Trade (Triangle Trade) • To maintain mercantilism and keep cheap raw materials flowing to Europe colonies needed a constant source of cheap labor to grow, harvest, and collect these natural resources. • At first, Native Americans are enslaved. But disease and overexertion kills most within 100 years.

32. Effects of Exploration The Atlantic Slave Trade (Triangle Trade) • A new source of cheap labor was needed. To fill this void, Europeans began purchasing African slaves from kingdoms in West Africa. • Slavery had been a common practice in Africa for centuries, but on a small scale. The huge need for workers in the mines, forests, and plantations of the Americas increased the demand for African slaves by several thousand percent. • By 1650, more than 250,000 slaves a year were being brought from West Africa to the Americas. This lead to a huge depopulation among the countries of West and Central Africa.

34. Effects of Exploration The Columbian Exchange • A side effect of the Triangle Trade between Europe, Africa, and the Americas becomes known as the Colombian Exchange. • Through the constant travel of people, plants and animals both sides of the Atlantic are introduced to totally new things.

36. 4. The Columbian Exchange Some examples are: Americas Europe & Africa Tomatoes, Potatoes, Pumpkins, Squash, Peppers, Chocolate, Turkeys, Tobacco, Advanced astronomy and calendars, New styles of architecture. Europe & Africa Americas Horses, Pigs, Cattle, Sheep, Chickens, Onions, Oranges, Coffee beans, Rice, Grapes, Sugar Cane, Olives, Diseases (Measles, Smallpox, Typhus, Influenza), Wheat, African Slaves, Christian Religion, Languages(English & Spanish mainly), Cultural influences from Africa and Europe(music, art, etc….), Technology from Europe(Gunpowder, Medicine, Printing, etc….) The EFFECTS OF Exploration

37. Essential Question • How did European exploration in the 1400-1700’s affect Europe, Africa, and the Americas? • European exploration affected _______________ by _____________________________________________. • Elaboration • Evidence • 1. • 2. • 3.

38. Learning Scale 4 –I am able to explain the impact and effects of the Age of Exploration on Europe and the Americas and its lasting effects into the modern day. 3 – I am able to explain the impact and effects of the Age of Exploration on Europe and the Americas. 2 –I am able to explain some of the impact and effects of the Age of Exploration on Europe and the Americas. 1 – I am not able to explain the impact and effects of the Age of Exploration on Europe and the Americas.