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Bunkering in the 21 st Century

Bunkering in the 21 st Century. G.R.Bowler,Inc. Marine Controls 2261 Lake Rd. Ontario,NY 14519 USA www.grbowler.com 315-524-8750. Benefits of 1% Measurement Improvement. Bunker represents 50-70% of total ship operating expense Example: Large container ship-7,750 TEU

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Bunkering in the 21 st Century

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  1. Bunkering in the 21st Century G.R.Bowler,Inc. Marine Controls 2261 Lake Rd. Ontario,NY 14519 USA www.grbowler.com 315-524-8750

  2. Benefits of 1% Measurement Improvement • Bunker represents 50-70% of total ship operating expense Example: Large container ship-7,750 TEU • Last summer bunkers @ $500/tn = $30M • Now $335/tn = $13.4M • Next summer ???? • What does a 1% measurement improvement mean to you? • Last summer $300K potential savings • Today $134k potential savings • Reduced billing discrepancies • The technology is here today that can benefit suppliers, barge operators and shipping companies

  3. Agenda • Bunker Sources of Error • Custody Transfer Challenges • Micro Motion Coriolis Technology at Work • Questions

  4. Bunker Sources of Error 1 cm tape error = 0.25% error for a 4m level Potential savings on 9000 tonne stem $7,500 Bunker Tank

  5. Bunker Sources of Error – Temperature °C °C °C °C °C °C °C • Placement of temperature probe is critical for optimum volume to mass conversion • Is the temperature measurement representative of total bunker? • Average calculation vs single point • Savings can be significant • 2°C error on temp (avg) = 0.1% error for a 991g/l product at 50°C • Savings $$$

  6. Tank A D D D D Sources of Error - Density & Stratification Errors of 0.25% to 1.5% possible Tank Stratification Tank B

  7. Bunker Sources of Error – Entrained Gas Consider a Bunker with 5% entrained gas: • A volume measurement will give a batch error of +5% • Effect on mass measurement is negligible • Drive Gain can be used to indicate presence of EG 5% error = $151K potential loss

  8. Bunker Sources of Error – Volume to Mass Conversion • Conversion formula: • Actual volume > net volume > weight(vac) > weight(air) =(?)% calc error Volume-based Measurement Direct Mass Measurement BDN Automated Manual

  9. Agenda • Bunker Sources of Error • Custody Transfer Challenges • Micro Motion Coriolis Technology at Work • Questions

  10. Custody Transfer Processes • Custody transfer is simply an agreement between two Parties: Buyer and Seller • However, the Bunkering process is not so simple

  11. Everyday Custody Transfer Examples Pipelines Truck Dispensing Well Head Retail Dispensing Truck/Ship Loading

  12. Repeatable, accurate measurement – globally accepted Reasonable capital costs to support operations Lifecycle cost considered for operational efficiency Bunker Fuel Custody Transfer Make sure “I’m getting what I’m paying for” Eliminate idle/downtime due to refueling operation Reduce the number of billing discrepancies and arbitration claims Bunkering custody transfer needs are the same as other industries Operating Vessel Barge Fuel Storage Terminal

  13. Bunker Fuel Custody Transfer Challenges • During Validation • Volume to mass conversions • Temperature compensations • Stacked uncertainties of reference system • Product quality concerns • Actual Operational Challenges • Inherent differences between tank measurements • Entrained gas (Air bubbles) • Product holdup in barge pipelines • Placement of meter for buyer’s confidence • Potential for backflow through meter Operating Vessel Barge Fuel Storage Terminal

  14. Agenda • Bunker Sources of Error • Custody Transfer Challenges are not New to Emerson • Coriolis Technology at Work • Questions

  15. Micro Motion Coriolis Technology at Work • Three phase test program in execution: • Phase 1: Load barge @ refinery via Micro Motion meter in both ideal and non-ideal conditions • Phase 2: Dispense bunker fuel into a vessel via the Micro Motion meter in both ideal and non-ideal conditions • Phase 3: Use a vessel installed meter to measure incoming fuel for both ideal and non ideal conditions.

  16. Micro Motion Coriolis Technology at Work • Micro Motion Coriolis test program is complete and successful • Final data being prepared for discussion

  17. Micro Motion Coriolis Technology at Work Micro Motion ELITE High Capacity Coriolis Meters Size :Flow Range HC2 : 750 Tn HC3 : 1275 Tn HC4 : 2100 Tn

  18. Micro Motion Coriolis Technology at Work • Sufficient data to MID certify: • Barge loading • Barge dispensing • Ship receiving • Testing supports a 0.5% bunker delivery accuracy • Savings potential expected to be significant

  19. Thank You !

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