Section 1E Critical Thinking In Everyday Life pages 67-80

1-E Section 1ECritical Thinking In Everyday Lifepages 67-80 General Guidelines: 1. Read (or listen) carefully. 2. Look for hidden assumptions. 3. Identify the real issue. 4. Use visual aids. 5. Understand all the options. 6. Watch for fine print and missing information. 7. Are other conclusions possible?

1-E Critical Thinking In Everyday Life General Guidelines. 1. Read (or listen) carefully. 2. Look for hidden assumptions. 3. Identify the real issue. 4. Use visual aids. 5. Understand all the options. 6. Watch for fine print and missing information. 7. Are other conclusions possible?

Example 1 Shall there be an amendment to the Colorado constitution to prohibit the state of Colorado and any of its political subdivisions from adopting or enforcing any law or policy which provides that homosexual, lesbian, or bisexual orientation, conduct or relationships constitutes or entitles a person to claim any minority or protected status, quota preferences, or discrimination?

Shall there be an amendment to the Colorado constitution toprohibit the state of Colorado and any of its political subdivisions from adopting or enforcing any law or policy which provides that homosexual, lesbian, or bisexual orientation, conduct or relationships constitutes or entitles a person to claim any minority or protected status, quota preferences, or discrimination? Yes = vote against gay rights No = vote for gay rights

Example 2 We should build more prisons because incarcerating more criminals will reduce the crime rate.

with Hidden Assumptions: P:[If we build more prisons, more criminals can be put in them.] P: If we incarcerate more criminals, then the crime rate will be reduced. P:[If the crime rate is reduced, then we will have a more desirable society.] P:[If a policy leads to a more desirable society, then we should enact it.] C: We should build more prisons.

Example 3 With last Saturday’s sellout crowd at the Moonlight Amphitheater, it is clear that the parking problem has become hopeless. Concert goers parked along residential streets up to a mile away from the amphitheater, badly overcrowding sidewalks, blocking driveways, and disrupting traffic. In light of this parking problem, future rock concerts should be canceled. Parking or Rock Concerts

Example 4 A single person who can be claimed as a dependent on another person’s tax return and is either 65 or older or blind must file a return if i) earned income was more than $5350 ($6400 if 65 or older and blind) or ii) unearned income was more than $1750 ($2800 if 65 or older and blind) or iii) gross income was more than the total of earned income (up to $4300) or $700, whichever is greater plus $1050 ($2100 if 65 or over and blind)

Chase is 15, and claimed as a dependent on his parent’s tax return. He has an earned income of $6500. Does this policy apply to Chase? Must he file a return? This policy does not apply to Chase.

Her earned income is more than $5350 – so YES she must file a return. Carmen is single, 24, blind, claimed as a dependent on her parent’s return. Her earned income is $6500, and her unearned income is $750. Must she file a return?

Serena is 68, single, blind, claimed as a dependent on her son’s return. Her gross income is $2500, earned income is $550. Must she file a return? $2500 is less than $6400 and is less than the greater of $2650 and $2800. So, NO she must not file a return.

Example 5 You are planning a trip six months in advance and discover you have two ticket options: A fare of $1100, but 25% is nonrefundable if you change or cancel the ticket. A fully refundable ticket is available for $1900. • Ticket A • GO: $1100 • Cancel: $275 • Ticket B • GO: $1900 • Cancel: $0

Example 6 “I’ve enclosed $1.50 (that’s 1¢ for 12 CDs plus $1.49 for enrollment charge). I agree to buy 6 CDs at regular Club prices within the next two years. A shipping/handling charge is added to each shipment. Applicable sales tax added to each order. The 12 CD’s arrived with an invoice of $36.50!

Example 7 The development of nuclear weapons changed the way world leaders think about potential conflicts. A single nuclear weapon can kill millions of people, and the arsenals of the United States and the Soviet Union contained enough power to kill everyone on Earth many times over. This potential for catastrophic damage led to the idea of nuclear deterrence, which held that the United States and the Soviet Union would be deterred from direct warfare by the fear of nuclear war. For the more than 45 years of the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union never did fight directly. This was one of the longest periods in human history during which two major enemies avoided direct war. We can only conclude that nuclear deterrence prevented war between the United States and the Soviet Union. We can only conclude that nuclear deterrence prevented war between the United States and the Soviet Union.

ExamplesDoes it Make Sense? 7/75 Sue prefers the Red Shuttle because it gets her to the airport in an hour and a half, while the Blue Shuttle takes 80 minutes. 10/75Auto policy A has $3000 worth of collision insurance with an annual premium of $400. Auto policy B has $3000 worth of collision insurance with an annual premium of $300. Clearly policy B is the better policy.

ExamplesHidden Assumptions 13/75 We should stop renting and buy a house now because interest rates are so low. Identify at least 2 hidden assumptions: Financial capability, locale stability…..

ExamplesDecision Making 32/78 I need a special computer for a project I will be working on for the next 3 months. After that, I will no longer need the computer. I can lease the computer for $350/month, or I can buy it for $2100. If I resell it after 3 months, I can expect to get $1200. • Lease Cost: 3x$350=$1050 • Purchase Cost: $2100 -$1200 = $900

Homework Pages 75-79 #12, 19, 24, 36

Section 1E Critical Thinking In Everyday Life pages 67-80