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a. Liberal vs. Conservative

The now-famous Democratic donkey was first associated with Democrat ... His opponents called him a jackass (a donkey), and Jackson decided to use the image of ...

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a. Liberal vs. Conservative

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    The 2008 election is particularly notable because its the first time in U.S. history Two sitting senators will run against each other for president An African American is a presidential nominee for a major party both major candidates were born outside the continental United States Obama: Hawaii McCain: Canal Zone in Panama. Presidential Election 08 The United States presidential election of 2008 will be held on November 4, 2008. It will be the 55th quadrennial election for President and Vice President of the United States. 435 members of the U.S. House of Representatives and 34 members of the United States Senate will also be elected. Presidential Election 08 Presidential Election 08 The President is the head of the Executive Branch. The powers of the President of the United States are set forth in Article II of the Constitution. Some of these powers the President can exercise in his own right, without formal legislative approval. Others require the consent of the Senate or Congress as a whole. The following is a list of duties of the President of the United States: National Security Powers: Serves as the Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces. He can authorize the use of troops overseas without declaring war. To declare war officially, though, he must get the approval of the Congress. Makes treaties with other nations; however, the Senate must approve any treaty before it becomes official. Nominates ambassadors, with the agreement of a majority of the Senate. Receives ambassadors of other nations, thereby recognizing those lands as official countries. Presidential Election 08 Legislative Powers: Presents information on the state of the union to Congress. Recommends legislation to Congress. Despite all of his power, the President cannot write bills. He can propose a bill, but a member of Congress must submit it for him. Convenes both houses of Congress in special sessions. Approves the laws that Congress creates. When both chambers have approved a bill, they send it to the President. If he agrees with the law, he signs it and the law goes into effect. If the President does not like a bill, he can veto it. There are two ways that he can veto a bill. First, the President can send the bill back to Congress unsigned. In most cases, he will also send a list of reasons he does not like the bill. Presidential Election 08 6. (continued) Second, the President can "pocket" the bill. After ten days, one of two things happens: 1) if Congress is in session, the bill becomes a law anyway 2) if Congress has adjourned, the bill does not become law and the President has used a "pocket veto". 7. When the President vetoes a bill, it will most likely never become a law. Congress can override a veto, but to do so two-thirds of both the House of Representatives and the Senate must vote against the President. Presidential Election 08 Administrative Powers: "Take care that the laws be faithfully executed Appoints the heads of each Executive Branch department as Chief of the Government. He also appoints ambassadors, Supreme Court Justices, and other officials, with the agreement of the majority of the Senate. Requests written opinions of administrative officials. Fills administrative vacancies during congressional recesses. D. Judicial Powers: Grants reprieves and pardons for Federal crimes (except impeachment). Appoints Federal judges, with the agreement of the majority of the Senate. Presidential Election 08 E. Presidential Qualifications and Term Limit Because he has so much responsibility, the President, along with the Vice-President, is the only official elected by the entire country. In order to be elected, one must be at least 35 years old. Also, each candidate must be a natural-born U.S. citizen and have lived in the U.S. for at least 14 years. When elected, the President serves a term of four years. The most one President can serve is two terms. Before 1951, the President could serve for as many terms as he wanted. After two terms as President, George Washington chose not to run again. All other Presidents followed his example until Franklin D. Roosevelt successfully ran for office four times. He, however, did not complete his fourth term of office because he died in 1945. Six years later, Congress passed the 22nd Amendment, which limits Presidents to two terms. 1. The Democratic Donkey The now-famous Democratic donkey was first associated with Democrat Andrew Jackson's 1828 presidential campaign. His opponents called him a jackass (a donkey), and Jackson decided to use the image of the strong-willed animal on his campaign posters. Later, cartoonist Thomas Nast used the Democratic donkey in newspaper cartoons and made the symbol famous. Presidential Election 08 The two main parties are Democratic and Republican Parties. 2. Nast invented another famous symbolthe Republican elephant. In a cartoon that appeared in Harper's Weekly in 1874, Nast drew a donkey clothed in lion's skin, scaring away all the animals at the zoo. One of those animals, the elephant, was labeled The Republican Vote. That's all it took for the elephant to become associated with the Republican Party. Republicans say the elephant is strong and dignified. 3. There is a broad range of opinions among politicians. Presidential Election 08

    Slide 11:a. Liberal vs. Conservative

    Dates back to 1789 to France Those on the left side of room opposed government in power. Those on the right side of room supported government in power. Presidential Election 08 Democrats are often referred to as Liberals and Republicans as Conservatives. Left wing also applies to Liberals and right wing to Conservatives. These terms go back to France in 1789 when those who supported the Government sat on the right side of the French National Assembly and those who opposed government policy sat on the left side.Democrats are often referred to as Liberals and Republicans as Conservatives. Left wing also applies to Liberals and right wing to Conservatives. These terms go back to France in 1789 when those who supported the Government sat on the right side of the French National Assembly and those who opposed government policy sat on the left side.

    Slide 12:Conservative/Republican a) support laissez-faire economics b) support lower taxation c) support more state control Liberal/Democrats a) support higher taxation b) support more central control c) less laissez-faire economics

    a. Liberal vs. Conservative Presidential Election 08 As soon as you start talking about what all Democrats or all Republicans believe, you find that there are always exceptions. We can, however, try to describe todays Republicans and Democrats in some generalities that tend to be true. Conservatives/Republicans generally stand for more laissez-faire or hands off business when it comes to government intervention. Republicans also favor lower taxation and lean more toward states' rights. American Liberals/Democrats support higher taxes and more central control from Washington, DC. Democrats often increase the size of the federal government as well as federal spending. Remember, though, that these are generalities, and sometimes generalities arent quite right. For example, when the Republicans controlled the White House and Congress, federal spending increased.As soon as you start talking about what all Democrats or all Republicans believe, you find that there are always exceptions. We can, however, try to describe todays Republicans and Democrats in some generalities that tend to be true. Conservatives/Republicans generally stand for more laissez-faire or hands off business when it comes to government intervention. Republicans also favor lower taxation and lean more toward states' rights. American Liberals/Democrats support higher taxes and more central control from Washington, DC. Democrats often increase the size of the federal government as well as federal spending. Remember, though, that these are generalities, and sometimes generalities arent quite right. For example, when the Republicans controlled the White House and Congress, federal spending increased.

    Slide 13:i. Changes as the people change. ii. Conservative a. Believe strongly in self-reliance. This simply means that we are all responsible to take care of ourselves. We should all work hard, be independent, and develop our abilities in order to be good citizens. Self-reliance can be extended somewhat beyond the individual to the group. The young, the sick, the elderly, the unemployed, etc., often rely on help from parents, family members, neighbors, religious groups and community organizations. Liberal

    Presidential Election 08 b. Party Ideology Party ideologies have switched over the years. Parties change just as the American citizenry changes. States' rights, once championed by Jefferson, is now a core value of the modern Republican Party. Strong central government, once championed by Hamilton, is now a core belief of the Democratic Party. Party ideologies have switched over the years. Parties change just as the American citizenry changes. States' rights, once championed by Jefferson, is now a core value of the modern Republican Party. Strong central government, once championed by Hamilton, is now a core belief of the Democratic Party.

    Slide 14:ii. Conservative (continued) a) Believe in a small, limited government. According to this view, government should handle basic responsibilities such as military defense, health and safety concerns, and law and order. Individual rights and freedoms shouldn't be restricted by government. Business should be encouraged and be allowed to function with little or no regulation. If the government structure is kept small and government doesn't need to do much, less money will be needed by government and taxes will also be low.

    Presidential Election 08 b. Party Ideology Party ideologies have switched over the years. Parties change just as the American citizenry changes. States' rights, once championed by Jefferson, is now a core value of the modern Republican Party. Strong central government, once championed by Hamilton, is now a core belief of the Democratic Party. Party ideologies have switched over the years. Parties change just as the American citizenry changes. States' rights, once championed by Jefferson, is now a core value of the modern Republican Party. Strong central government, once championed by Hamilton, is now a core belief of the Democratic Party.

    Slide 15:ii. Conservatives/Republicans (contd) d. Supported by business e. Older people f. Professional white collar workers g. Suburban dwellers h. Rich farmers High voter turnout

    Presidential Election 08 Republicans on the other hand are considered the party of the rich and have really embraced the power of the ballot. Approximately 24% of Americans classify themselves as Republicans, plus or minus a few percentage points. Republican characteristics include: [read slide]Republicans on the other hand are considered the party of the rich and have really embraced the power of the ballot. Approximately 24% of Americans classify themselves as Republicans, plus or minus a few percentage points. Republican characteristics include: [read slide]

    Slide 16:iii. Liberal a) believe that self-reliance is an admirable quality but it isn't always possible: individual, family, and community efforts often aren't enough. b) believe that government should take an active role in promoting health, encouraging education, issuing loans to businesses and generally helping make life better for all its citizens.

    Presidential Election 08 b. Party Ideology Party ideologies have switched over the years. Parties change just as the American citizenry changes. States' rights, once championed by Jefferson, is now a core value of the modern Republican Party. Strong central government, once championed by Hamilton, is now a core belief of the Democratic Party. Party ideologies have switched over the years. Parties change just as the American citizenry changes. States' rights, once championed by Jefferson, is now a core value of the modern Republican Party. Strong central government, once championed by Hamilton, is now a core belief of the Democratic Party.

    Slide 17:iii. Liberal business needs to be regulated or it will take advantage of the people. believe that government should be involved with our interests throughout the world. This more active role of government costs more money and therefore taxes will necessarily be higher than what conservatives want.

    Presidential Election 08 b. Party Ideology Party ideologies have switched over the years. Parties change just as the American citizenry changes. States' rights, once championed by Jefferson, is now a core value of the modern Republican Party. Strong central government, once championed by Hamilton, is now a core belief of the Democratic Party. Party ideologies have switched over the years. Parties change just as the American citizenry changes. States' rights, once championed by Jefferson, is now a core value of the modern Republican Party. Strong central government, once championed by Hamilton, is now a core belief of the Democratic Party.

    Slide 18:Democrats Supported by minorities Younger people Blue-collar workers Low voter turnout Urban (city) dwellers

    Presidential Election 08 Approximately 42% of Americans classify themselves as Democrats, plus or minus a few percentage points. Democrats have a wide range of characteristics. As we mentioned before, these generalities arent always true, but often true.Approximately 42% of Americans classify themselves as Democrats, plus or minus a few percentage points. Democrats have a wide range of characteristics. As we mentioned before, these generalities arent always true, but often true.

    IV. REPUBLICAN PARTY CANDIDATES A. US Senator John McCain (Arizona) Presidential Nominee B. Governor Sarah Palin (Alaska) Vice Presidential Nominee Presidential Election 08 V. DEMOCRATIC PARTY CANDIDATES A. US Senator Barack Obama (Illinois) Presidential Nominee B. US Senator Joe Biden (Delaware) Vice Presidential Nominee Presidential Election 08 Presidential Election 08 Presidential Election 08 The candidate announces his/her plan to run for office. Primary and Caucus elections take place in the states. Nominees for president are announced at the national party conventions. Citizens cast their votes in a General Election on the first Tuesday of the month of November. The Electoral college casts its votes in the month of December. The President-Elect is inaugurated in to office on January 20th. Presidential Election 08

    Slide 24:The Primary and Caucus elections for the Democratic and Republican parties were held January 3, 2008 through June 3, 2008.

    Primary and Caucus elections are held in each state in the months prior to the General Election for president. These are used by the Democratic and the Republican party to determine who their official candidate will be in November. Before the 20th Century, only the party leaders in each state could nominate presidential candidates. Today, any registered voter, who declares a party, is eligible to participate in this procedure. Presidential Election 08

    Presidential Election 08 Presidential Election 08 Presidential Election 08 Electoral college votes per state for 2008. The winning candidate needs a majority of electoral votes: at least 270 out of a total of 538. Presidential Election 08 Registered voters in each State and the District of Columbia vote for President and Vice President. They cast their vote by selecting a pair of candidates listed on a single Presidential/Vice Presidential ticket. By doing so, they also choose slates of Electors to serve in the Electoral College. Forty-eight of the fifty States and the District of Columbia are "winner-take-all" (Maine and Nebraska are the exceptions). Presidential Election 08 1870: The 15th Amendment says that no state can take away a citizen's right to vote regardless of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. 1920: The 19th Amendment grants women the right to vote. 1966: The 24th Amendment declares poll taxes, which were often used to keep African-Americans from voting, unconstitutional. 1971: The 26th Amendment lowers the voting age from 21 to 18 years old. 1975: All literacy requirements for voting are eliminated. (added to The Voting Rights Act (1965)). Presidential Election 08 Before you can take part in the voting system, you have to register to vote. The requirements vary from states but generally, you have to be a U.S. citizen and at least 18 years of age. The registration form will include basic information like your name, address, social security number and your party. You can always select undeclared if you are unsure. You will have to register with the county in which you are currently living in order to vote. Presidential Election 08 Presidential Election 08 History of the Inauguration Ceremony The inauguration for the first US President, George Washington, was held on April 30, 1789 in New York City. Inauguration Day was originally set for March 4, giving electors from each state nearly four months after Election Day to cast their ballots for president. In 1933, the day of inauguration was changed by constitutional amendment from March 4 to noon on January 20, beginning with Franklin Roosevelt's second term in 1937. Thomas Jefferson was the first president to be sworn in as president in Washington, DC, which did not officially become the US capital until 1801. Inauguration Day will be January 20, 2009 Presidential Election 08 Presidential Election 08
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