1 / 31

Latin American Revolutions

Latin American Revolutions. Comparing Spanish/British colonies. Importance of American Colonies: Spain: major part of empire Britain: small outpost of empire Profits from American Colonies: Spain: huge profits Britain: struggled to tax colonies to pay for . Causes. Enlightenment

Anita
Télécharger la présentation

Latin American Revolutions

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Latin American Revolutions

  2. Comparing Spanish/British colonies • Importance of American Colonies: • Spain: major part of empire • Britain: small outpost of empire • Profits from American Colonies: • Spain: huge profits • Britain: struggled to tax colonies to pay for

  3. Causes • Enlightenment • Americanism • Other Revolutions • Economic Issues • Social Issues

  4. enlightenment • Challenge to the absolute monarchy • Natural laws • Popular Sovereignty

  5. Spanish Enlightenment • Program of modernization • Administration • Imperial economy • Renewed imperialism

  6. Spanish American Enlightenment • Critical attitude toward: • Authority • Tradition • Monarchy • Less about revolutionary sentiments

  7. Monarchy • Beginning of 18th century, the Hapsburgs were replaced with the Bourbons. • Bourbons moved empire toward bureaucratic/rational system away from the personal ethos of Hapsburgs. • Creoles –loyalty NOT to nation but to king. Philip V – 1st Bourbon King

  8. Church • Spanish Americans begin to question power/authority of Catholic Church. • Enlightenment influence • Political/economic motives Santo Domingo Church, Oaxaco, Mexico

  9. Americanism • Creoles’ sense of pride as Americans • Perhaps greater role than Enlightenment

  10. Revolutions • United States • Spurs confidence in other colonies • Example of a republic that worked

  11. Revolutions • France • Overall too radical, democratic, anarchic for most creoles • Provided political rationale: liberty, equality, republican government, representation, free trade LibertyLeading the People - Eugene Delacroix

  12. Haiti 1791 Begins 1804 Declares independence 1820 Independent Republic Revolutions Jean-Jacques Dessalines Toussaint L’Ouverture

  13. Trade Revolution • Spanish mercantilism restricted creoles’ ability to trade with England and within the empire. • English manufactured goods, textiles – first industrial revolution

  14. Political Disempowerment Economic Disempowerment Social Hierarchy Social Issues

  15. The Spark

  16. French control of Spain 1804 Napoleon = Emperor Goal: European domination May 1808: Fernando VII abdicates; Spain handed over to France. 6 year struggle to regain Spanish independence War in Europe

  17. Spanish Uprisings • Juntas formed – loyal to Fernando VII. • 1810 – Junta becomes Council of Regency ruling in name of Fernando • 1812 Council transformed into cortes – Parliament. • Called for end of most privileges/rights of feudal society • Wrote Spain’s first constitution

  18. American Reaction • Colonists formed own juntas – people ruling instead of king • Political/economic autonomy • British navy prevent French from crossing Atlantic

  19. LATIN AMERICAN REVOLUTIONS • Haiti (1791-1804) • Ecuador (1809-1822) • Bolivia (1809-25) • Argentina (1810-1816) • Chile (1810 -19) • Colombia (1810-19) • Mexico (1810-21) • Paraguay (1811) • Venezuela (1811-22) • Peru (1821) • Brazil (1822)

  20. Leaders of Latin American Revolutions • Jose de San Martin (Argentina, Chile, Peru) • Miguel de Hidalgo (Mexico) • Simon Bolivar (Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Panama, and Bolivia) • Toussaint L’Ouverture (Haiti) • Jose Maria Morelos (Mexico) • Bernando O’Higgins (Chile)

  21. Return of Fernando Vii • 1814 • Attempted to return to absolutist, colonial regime of 18th century • Triggers second wave of revolutions

  22. Brazil Independence • Braganza family on throne • 1807: King Joao & the Portuguese royal family flee to Brazil under British escort • 1821: Pedro I set up a new, independent kingdom in 1821 Pedro I

  23. Brazil Independence • 1822: Pedro accepts creation of assembly. Closed it when liberals too popular sovereignty too seriously. • 1824 constitution called for senate appointed for life, emperor’s “moderating power” above other branches. • Anti-Portuguese rioting – Brazil for the Brazilians

  24. Brazil • 1831: Pedro abdicates returns to Portugal, left his son (Pedro) to take his place. He was only 5, but had been born in Brazil. • 1831-1840: Regency years • Liberal rebellions, republics declared, slaves involved • 1840: Prince Pedro put on thrown (14 yrs old)

  25. Political Effects on independence movements • First governments were liberal • Lacked resources and allies • Most republics rapidly fell • Faith in democracy waned • Toppling governments by revolution became system

  26. Political Effects • Patronage (aka spoils) = doling out of government jobs, pensions, public works • Caudillos = strong political leaders who command personal loyalty of many followers

  27. Caudillismo Juan Manuel de Rosas, Argentina Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna

  28. Social Effects • Indigenous: little effect • Rural Latin Americans: depended on subsistence farming • Landowners = Power

More Related