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The History of Plastics

The History of Plastics . To accompany video. Timeline. Definition. Plastic is broadly defined as Any inherently formless material that can be molded or modeled under heat or pressure. As early as…. Go back as far as the Old Testament References of: Fillers Adhesives Coatings.

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The History of Plastics

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  1. The History of Plastics To accompany video

  2. Timeline

  3. Definition • Plastic is broadly defined as • Any inherently formless material that can be molded or modeled under heat or pressure

  4. As early as… • Go back as far as the Old Testament • References of: • Fillers • Adhesives • Coatings

  5. Good Ol’ Enoch Noyes • 1760 • Opened business with the use of natural polymers • Made combs out of organic proteins (Keratin and Albuminiod) derived from animal horns, hoofs, an tortoise shells

  6. In the beginning… • Greek word plastikos • First natural plastics • Tortoise shell • Tree resins • Shellac • Insect secretion

  7. Christian Schoenbine • Swiss Chemist • 1840’s • Developed Cellulose nitrate • Mix of cotton, nitric acid, and sulfuric acid

  8. Rubber’s Helping Hand • Charles Goodyear's discovery of the Vulcanization process for natural rubber in 1839. • In 1851, the rubber industry discovered ebonite, or hard rubber • The first thermosetting material to be involved in a chemical modification of natural material

  9. Ebonite bracelet from 1880

  10. Parkes Invents First Man-Made Plastic • The first man-made plastic was unveiled by Alexander Parkes at the 1862 Great International Exhibition in London. • Parkesine- organic material derived from cellulose that could be molded in heat and retain its shaped when cooled • Buttons • Combs • Pens

  11. Alexander Parkes- 1855 • Rights sold to Daniel Spill (1865) • Patented • Downfall- high cost of the raw materials needed in its production.

  12. John Wesley Hyatt • Billiard Co. in U.S. • Needed substitute for ivory in making balls • John Wesley Hyatt developed collodion • Upon spilling a bottle of collodion in his workshop, he discovered that the material congealed into a tough, flexible film • Camphor and cellulose nitrate • Explosion upon impact Formed the American Celluloid Company which is today the Plastics Division of the Celanese Corporation

  13. Bakelite • Dr. Leo Baekeland • First totally synthetic plastic (1907) • Patented in 1909 • Thermoset resin • Replaced rubber for insulation in electrics

  14. Bakelite • Phenol-formaldehyde resins which he called Bakelite.

  15. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) • PVC was first created by the German chemist Eugen Baumann in 1872. • Patented in 1913 • Waldo L. Semon, invented a way to make polyvinyl chloride (PVC) useful

  16. PVC Cloth brushes from England in 1950

  17. Polymerization • In 1920, German Hermann Staudinger published theories on polyaddition • Nine year later published the polymerization of polystyrene. 1950’s Uncle Sam moneybox, from England (Polystyrene)

  18. Polystyrene • Dow Chemical brought polystyrene to the U.S. in 1937 Toy shark, in Polystyrene, withmoving jaw, Made in USA around 1950 Polystyrene up close

  19. Dr. Wallace H. Carothers • 1930’s research on polymer chains at DuPont Chemical Department • Published theory of polycondensation • Invented Neoprene and Nylon

  20. World War II • Nylon • Ropes, tent and parachute straps, belts, etc • Teflon • Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) • Dupont Chemical Department • First used for artillery shell covers

  21. World War II • Polyethylene (1933) • Imperial Chemical Industries in England • E.W. Fawcett & R.O. Gibson • First used for underwater cable coatings and insulation for radar

  22. Polyethylene • 1943 Karl Ziegler changed polymerization of polyethylene • Use of catalysts • Now is most widely produced and perhaps most versatile plastic

  23. Polypropylene • Guilio Natta continued Ziegler’s work • Created polypropylene in 1957 • Substituted for polyethylene where high temperatures were involved • Ex. Dishwasher safe dishes Car’s front bumper made of polypropylene in 1978

  24. Relevant Additional Links • History of Plastic and Leo Bakeland • inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blplastic.htm • History of Plastics • www.lle.mdx.ac.uk/site/docs/dt/Historyofplastics.html • About Plastics • www.americanplasticscouncil.org/benefits/about_plastics/history.html

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