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HOSPITAL NACIONAL DE PEDIATRIA S.A.M.I.C. PROF. Dr Juan P. GARRAHAN AREA DE FARMACIA SECTOR DE FARMACOTECNIA

HOSPITAL NACIONAL DE PEDIATRIA S.A.M.I.C. PROF. Dr Juan P. GARRAHAN AREA DE FARMACIA SECTOR DE FARMACOTECNIA . FARMACOTECNIAHISTORIA. EDAD ANTIGUA. EDAD MEDIA. RENACIMIENTO. SIGLOS XIX XX. . . . . . A

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HOSPITAL NACIONAL DE PEDIATRIA S.A.M.I.C. PROF. Dr Juan P. GARRAHAN AREA DE FARMACIA SECTOR DE FARMACOTECNIA

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    4. 50% or more of medicines used have never actually been studied in children. Children represent a vulnerable population with developmental. In the European Union, children, the 0-16 years old population, represent about 75 million people, i.e., 20%, a fifth of the total population. Although this population may appear relatively large, the majority of medicines are still only developed and assessed for use in adult populations. This is further compounded by the fact that this 0-16 years group may be further divided into specific sub-populations ranging from neonates to teenagers, with different developmental and behavioural characteristics which need to be addressed. For the 400 studies started in the US between 1997 and 2001, this represents an annual budgetary requirement of approximately $670 million. there may be a possibility to support clinical trials in children in the area of cancer research or in other areas such as diabetes, and rare diseases provided that the trials incorporate some aspects of genomic research in one way or another.(fund) Particularly in the area of intensive care and specialist treatments. GCP standards and in accordance with the internationally accepted guidelines on medicinal products in children (ICH E11)50% or more of medicines used have never actually been studied in children. Children represent a vulnerable population with developmental. In the European Union, children, the 0-16 years old population, represent about 75 million people, i.e., 20%, a fifth of the total population. Although this population may appear relatively large, the majority of medicines are still only developed and assessed for use in adult populations. This is further compounded by the fact that this 0-16 years group may be further divided into specific sub-populations ranging from neonates to teenagers, with different developmental and behavioural characteristics which need to be addressed. For the 400 studies started in the US between 1997 and 2001, this represents an annual budgetary requirement of approximately $670 million. there may be a possibility to support clinical trials in children in the area of cancer research or in other areas such as diabetes, and rare diseases provided that the trials incorporate some aspects of genomic research in one way or another.(fund) Particularly in the area of intensive care and specialist treatments. GCP standards and in accordance with the internationally accepted guidelines on medicinal products in children (ICH E11)

    5. Farmacotecnia (tabla 12) La seccin de Farmacotecnia est bien asentada a escala europea en cuanto a im-plantacin del servicio se refiere. Lo que la encuesta no permite evaluar es su im-portancia en trminos de volumen de pro-duccin. En Espaa, con relacin al resto de pases, llama la atencin la baja inci-dencia de controles realizados sobre la materia prima previos a la preparacin. La justificacin la encontramos en nuestra le-gislacin, que nos permite aceptar los controles de materias primas realizados por el proveedor, siempre que se trate de un proveedor debidamente autorizado. En el mbito europeo cabe destacar el escaso control que se efecta sobre el material de acondicionamiento. Este tipo de control en Espaa es prcticamente nulo. A la ho-ra de llevarlos a la prctica, en Espaa se prefiere enviarlos a otros servicios del hos-pital (82%) en vez de efectuarlos en el propio servicio, hecho que contrasta con la forma de actuacin del resto de Europa donde el 74% de los servicios de Farma-cia realiza los anlisis de control en el pro-pio servicio. CONTROL DE CALIDAD La aplicacin de sistemas de calidad a la actividad desarrollada es, hoy en da, una prctica habitual de los servicios de Far-macia. La implantacin de procedimien-tos normalizados de trabajo en las distin-tas reas de trabajo refleja, en cierta for-ma, la preocupacin y concienciacin del farmacutico en este terreno. El desarrollo de estos procedimientos vara sustancial-mente en funcin de las distintas reas de trabajo. La tabla 13 refleja esta variabili-dad y nos permite apreciar claramente la normalizacin de los procesos relaciona-Farmacotecnia (tabla 12) La seccin de Farmacotecnia est bien asentada a escala europea en cuanto a im-plantacin del servicio se refiere. Lo que la encuesta no permite evaluar es su im-portancia en trminos de volumen de pro-duccin. En Espaa, con relacin al resto de pases, llama la atencin la baja inci-dencia de controles realizados sobre la materia prima previos a la preparacin. La justificacin la encontramos en nuestra le-gislacin, que nos permite aceptar los controles de materias primas realizados por el proveedor, siempre que se trate de un proveedor debidamente autorizado. En el mbito europeo cabe destacar el escaso control que se efecta sobre el material de acondicionamiento. Este tipo de control en Espaa es prcticamente nulo. A la ho-ra de llevarlos a la prctica, en Espaa se prefiere enviarlos a otros servicios del hos-pital (82%) en vez de efectuarlos en el propio servicio, hecho que contrasta con la forma de actuacin del resto de Europa donde el 74% de los servicios de Farma-cia realiza los anlisis de control en el pro-pio servicio. CONTROL DE CALIDAD La aplicacin de sistemas de calidad a la actividad desarrollada es, hoy en da, una prctica habitual de los servicios de Far-macia. La implantacin de procedimien-tos normalizados de trabajo en las distin-tas reas de trabajo refleja, en cierta for-ma, la preocupacin y concienciacin del farmacutico en este terreno. El desarrollo de estos procedimientos vara sustancial-mente en funcin de las distintas reas de trabajo. La tabla 13 refleja esta variabili-dad y nos permite apreciar claramente la normalizacin de los procesos relaciona-

    7. Recent technological advances in solid oral dosage forms Oral administration is the most popular route due to ease of ingestion, pain avoidance, versatil- Difficulty in swallowing (dysphagia) is com-mon among all age groups, especially in elderly, and is also seen in swallowing conventional tablets and capsules 8 . An estimated 35% of the general population, and an additional 3040% of elderly institutionalized patients and 1822% of all persons in long-term care facilities, suffer from dysphagia. This disorder is associated with many medical conditions, including stroke, Parkinsons, AIDS, thyroidectomy, head and neck radiation therapy, and other neurological disor-ders, including cerebral palsy 912 . One study showed that 26% of 1576 patients experienced difficulty in swallowing tablets. The most com-mon complaint was tablet size, followed by sur-face, form and taste.Recent technological advances in solid oral dosage forms Oral administration is the most popular route due to ease of ingestion, pain avoidance, versatil- Difficulty in swallowing (dysphagia) is com-mon among all age groups, especially in elderly, and is also seen in swallowing conventional tablets and capsules 8 . An estimated 35% of the general population, and an additional 3040% of elderly institutionalized patients and 1822% of all persons in long-term care facilities, suffer from dysphagia. This disorder is associated with many medical conditions, including stroke, Parkinsons, AIDS, thyroidectomy, head and neck radiation therapy, and other neurological disor-ders, including cerebral palsy 912 . One study showed that 26% of 1576 patients experienced difficulty in swallowing tablets. The most com-mon complaint was tablet size, followed by sur-face, form and taste.

    12. NEW DRUG APLICATION, Reino Unido y espaa (normalizadas) Privados y publicos, programado y estan incluidas en vademacum del hospital.NEW DRUG APLICATION, Reino Unido y espaa (normalizadas) Privados y publicos, programado y estan incluidas en vademacum del hospital.

    15.

    17.

    20.

    26. En paddocks estan las buenas practicas de comp.En paddocks estan las buenas practicas de comp.

    27. 1-Cuadernos de formulac. Magistral Mallorca 2-so. Esp.fceuticos hospital 3-Asoc.Espaola de fceut.formulistas-flas por patolgias 4-espaol fcoeconomia- magistrales- atencion fceutica 5-tiene estab. Diluc. Compat, incompat. Como el Hand book de excipients 6-buenas practic. Elab.Nora 7-CARACTERSTICAS DE UN LABORATORIO GALNICO AEFFormulistas 8.european hospit.pharmacy journal en search 9-Buenas practicas de europa Agencia europea de evaluacion de productos medicinales 10 tiene una revista bim-farma con formulaciones magistrales 11 flas dermatolog.describe distintas enf. De piel y en una delas partes hay flas magistrales para acn y soriasis 12 magistrals topicas 1-Cuadernos de formulac. Magistral Mallorca 2-so. Esp.fceuticos hospital 3-Asoc.Espaola de fceut.formulistas-flas por patolgias 4-espaol fcoeconomia- magistrales- atencion fceutica 5-tiene estab. Diluc. Compat, incompat. Como el Hand book de excipients 6-buenas practic. Elab.Nora 7-CARACTERSTICAS DE UN LABORATORIO GALNICO AEFFormulistas 8.european hospit.pharmacy journal en search 9-Buenas practicas de europa Agencia europea de evaluacion de productos medicinales 10 tiene una revista bim-farma con formulaciones magistrales 11 flas dermatolog.describe distintas enf. De piel y en una delas partes hay flas magistrales para acn y soriasis 12 magistrals topicas

    29. Ampicilina anhidra mas soluble que trihidrato pH:estab y dp/prevenir degradacin (eritrom)Ampicilina anhidra mas soluble que trihidrato pH:estab y dp/prevenir degradacin (eritrom)

    34. Ampicilina anhidra mas soluble que trihidrato pH:estab y dp/prevenir degradacin (eritrom)Ampicilina anhidra mas soluble que trihidrato pH:estab y dp/prevenir degradacin (eritrom)

    38. ESTUDIOS DE B.E. Y B.D. PARA PRODUCTOS ORALES Y WAIVERS (FDA)

    44. ACIDO FOLICO SOLUCION Acido flico 100 mg Solucin de NaOH 1% csp pH = 8 / 8.5 (40 mg) Nipagn 150 mg Agua destilada csp 100 ml Tcnica: 1.-Calentar un volumen de agua destilada igual al 90 % del volumen final de la preparacin, hasta una temperatura aproximada de 90 C. 2.-Disolver el nipagn en 1- 3.-Dejar enfriar. 4.-Agregar el cido flico, agitar, llevar a pH con la solucin de NaOH.y filtrar, pasando por el filtro suficiente cantidad de agua destilada hasta llevar a volumen final. Preparacin de la solucin de NaOH: Disolver 160 mg de NaOH en 20 ml de agua destilada y de esta solucin utilizar 5 ml aproximadamente para llevar a pH.

    48. La luz cliva la molec. La luz cliva la molec.

    49. Perfil de ph, temp., solvente, Perfil de ph, temp., solvente,

    50. Enalap con jbe ph mayor que 4 y menor cc =menos estable, Por pka 3,8 y 5 aprox. HIDRLISIS EJ DEL CO3 DE NA Y KEnalap con jbe ph mayor que 4 y menor cc =menos estable, Por pka 3,8 y 5 aprox. HIDRLISIS EJ DEL CO3 DE NA Y K

    51. Recc. De fenoles. Seudomorfina y m. N-oxido (se dimeriza).otro ejemplo epinefrina quinonaRecc. De fenoles. Seudomorfina y m. N-oxido (se dimeriza).otro ejemplo epinefrina quinona

    55. The JECFA usually terminates its toxicological evaluations with the pub-lication of an admissible daily intake (ADI), which represents the dose that does not carry risks to the population if taken every day for a life-time. This dose iexpressed in mg (or microg) per kg of daily weight per day. To establish the total daily dose, we should multiply this number by the bodily weight (usuallyreckoned as 60 kg). The value of the ADI is extrapolated from studies conducted in laboratory animals, dividing the highest dose without toxic effects in the animal by a safety factor (generally 100). COLORANTES REACC. DE HIPERSENSIBILIDAD. AMARANTO:POTENCIAL CARCINOGENIC. LOS NATURALES MAS POR IMPUREZAS (PROTEINAS ALERGENICAS) JBE ERITROMICINA CON E. NARANJA.NO PERFUME CON ANTIH1. LACTOSA: 70% DE TANOS. NO A PACIENTES ESPASTICOS. CONCLUSION: PONER LO ESTRICTAMENTE NECES. NO INTERACCION. The JECFA usually terminates its toxicological evaluations with the pub-lication of an admissible daily intake (ADI), which represents the dose that does not carry risks to the population if taken every day for a life-time. This dose iexpressed in mg (or microg) per kg of daily weight per day. To establish the total daily dose, we should multiply this number by the bodily weight (usuallyreckoned as 60 kg). The value of the ADI is extrapolated from studies conducted in laboratory animals, dividing the highest dose without toxic effects in the animal by a safety factor (generally 100). COLORANTES REACC. DE HIPERSENSIBILIDAD. AMARANTO:POTENCIAL CARCINOGENIC. LOS NATURALES MAS POR IMPUREZAS (PROTEINAS ALERGENICAS) JBE ERITROMICINA CON E. NARANJA.NO PERFUME CON ANTIH1. LACTOSA: 70% DE TANOS. NO A PACIENTES ESPASTICOS. CONCLUSION: PONER LO ESTRICTAMENTE NECES. NO INTERACCION.

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