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How to Land a Small Airplane

How to Land a Small Airplane By Linda Gaskill LSC 528 Dr. Herbert Carson April 21, 2004 Welcome to Intro to Survival 101 Your first lesson is “How to land a small airplane in an emergency situation”. Remain calm and you will be fine, probably.

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How to Land a Small Airplane

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  1. How to Land a Small Airplane By Linda Gaskill LSC 528 Dr. Herbert Carson April 21, 2004

  2. Welcome to Intro to Survival 101 • Your first lesson is “How to land a small airplane in an emergency situation”. • Remain calm and you will be fine, probably.

  3. Some Helpful Hints • Progress through the lesson by using the arrow keys. • Click on words that are highlighted in yellow for further definition. • A button like this one will return you to your place in the lesson. • Let’s begin.

  4. If the plane is flying level on automatic pilot … • You are very fortunate. You have time to orient yourself to the controls and radio for help.

  5. Not so fortunate, remain calm . . . • If only one set of controls, remove disabled pilot from control area if possible. • Take your place at the controls. • Proceed to stabilize plane.

  6. Stabilize Plane • Identify the instruments and look around you to determine if the plane is level in relation to the horizon.

  7. Identify the yoke, or steering wheel, and the foot pedals • Pull back on the yoke to bring the nose up, push forward to point the nose down. These are subtle movements, proceed gently! • Turn left by turning the yoke left while depressing the left foot pedal and turn right accordingly.

  8. Check the Altimeter • This is the dial, located in the middle of the instrument panel that indicates altitude. The three hands indicate number of feet by hundreds, thousands, and ten thousands. It is calibrated in feet above sea level, not ground level. This is important to note!

  9. Attempt to Establish Radio Contact • Locate either the push-to-talk button (release to listen) on the yoke or on the CB-like microphone on the instrument panel. • Say, “Mayday, Mayday”, and give the following information: • Your situation. • The call numbers, located in the top of the instrument control panel.

  10. Emergency Channel • If Mayday call does not receive a response, tune radio to station 121.5. • Emergency station will be manned by knowledgeable personnel who will talk you through landing.

  11. Landing On Your OwnRequired Instruments • Heading indicator: this instrument, a compass, has the image of a small plane at its center which points in the direction you are going.

  12. Required Instruments • Airspeed: This dial, calibrated in knots, is usually to the left of the instrument panel. Less than 70 knots is dangerously near stall speed.

  13. Required Instruments • Throttle: This lever, located between the seats, controls airspeed and nose altitude. Pull it toward you to slow the plane and cause it to descend. Push it forward to increase speed and ascend.

  14. Required Instruments • Fuel Gauge: located on the lower portion of the instrument panel. The pilot should have carried enough fuel to reach your planned destination plus a half hour reserve.

  15. Required Instruments • Flaps: Ignore these for now. Use the throttle to control airspeed. Flaps are too complex to use in this situation.

  16. Begin Your Descent • Pull back on the throttle. As the plane slows the nose will drop. To descend the nose should be about four inches below the horizon.

  17. Deploy Landing Gear • Fixed Gear: do nothing. • Retractable Gear: The lever will be between the seats, near the throttle. Deploy gear unless a water landing is required.

  18. Find Safe Landing Site • Ideally, find an airport. • Second choice, a mile-long field. • Third choice, open area within your fuel allowance. Bumpy terrain will do.

  19. Line up the landing strip • If you have ample fuel, fly over field to look for obstructions. • Circle for landing so that landing area is centered in front of the airplane. • Reduce power by pulling back on the throttle. Do not let the nose drop more than six inches below the horizon.

  20. Landing the Plane • The plane should be about 100 feet off the ground when you are approaching the landing area. The rear wheels should touch first. You want the plane to be at stall speed 55-65 knots when the wheels touch the ground.

  21. Landing the Plane • Pull all the way back on the throttle. Do not let the nose dip too steeply. Gently pull back on the yoke as the plane touches ground.

  22. Landing The Plane • Using the pedals on the floor, steer and brake the plane as needed. The upper pedals are the brakes and the lower pedals control direction of nose wheel. Depressing the right pedal will turn the plane to the right and the left accordingly. Decreasing your speed will increase your chance of survival dramatically!

  23. Landing The Plane • If headed for trees or obstacles, steer between them so that the wings will absorb the impact.

  24. Landing The Plane • When the plane is stopped, get out quickly, taking the pilot with you if possible.

  25. Congratulations! • You have finished your first lesson and landed successfully!

  26. Let’s ReviewClick on the correct response. • The altimeter indicates (airspeed, direction, feet above sea level).

  27. The yoke is used to (restrain the pilot, control the direction and altitude, indicate the heading).

  28. The heading indicator shows the (wind speed, airspeed, direction of flight).

  29. The foot pedals control the ( the wing flaps, ground speed and nose wheel direction, altitude and airspeed).

  30. The throttle controls (airspeed and altitude, direction, the flaps).

  31. Quiz Time • Please Participate in the following quiz to aid in determining the effectiveness of this lesson. Go To Quiz

  32. Whoops! • Please use the navigation buttons. • Press the return button below to get back on track.

  33. Whoops! • Please use the navigation buttons. • Press the return button below to get back on track.

  34. Whoops! • Please use the navigation buttons. • Press the return button below to get back on track.

  35. Whoops! • Please use the navigation buttons. • Press the return button below to get back on track.

  36. Whoops! • Please use the navigation buttons. • Press the return button below to get back on track.

  37. Whoops! • Please use the navigation buttons. • Press the return button below to get back on track.

  38. Whoops! • Please use the navigation buttons. • Press the return button below to get back on track.

  39. Whoops! • Please use the navigation buttons. • Press the return button below to get back on track.

  40. Whoops! • Please use the navigation buttons. • Press the return button below to get back on track.

  41. Whoops! • Please use the navigation buttons. • Press the return button below to get back on track.

  42. Whoops! • Please use the navigation buttons. • Press the return button below to get back on track.

  43. Whoops! • Please use the navigation buttons. • Press the return button below to get back on track.

  44. Whoops! • Please use the navigation buttons. • Press the return button below to get back on track.

  45. Whoops! • Please use the navigation buttons. • Press the return button below to get back on track.

  46. Whoops! • Please use the navigation buttons. • Press the return button below to get back on track.

  47. Whoops! • Please use the navigation buttons. • Press the return button below to get back on track.

  48. Whoops! • Please use the navigation buttons. • Press the return button below to get back on track.

  49. Whoops! • Please use the navigation buttons. • Press the return button below to get back on track.

  50. Whoops! • Please use the navigation buttons. • Press the return button below to get back on track.

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