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Focus: Language Acquisition and Learning Language Learners and the Learning Process
Phonetics and Phonology: The sounds of the language • Morphology: The structure of words • Syntax: Sentence structure and grammar • Semantics: Meaning of words and phrases • Pragmatics: Social use of language in context Understanding Language Learning
A. Behaviorist Theory (Skinner) – Learning through imitation and reinforcement • B. Nativist Theory (Chomsky) – Language Acquisition Device (LAD) • C. Social Interactionist (Vygotsky) – Learning through social interaction • D. Cognitive Theory (Piaget) – Language as part of cognitive development Theories of Language Acquisition
1. Pre-Production (Silent Period) – Learners listen but do not speak • 2. Early Production – Limited vocabulary, simple sentences • 3. Speech Emergence – More fluency, some errors • 4. Intermediate Fluency – Expresses complex ideas • 5. Advanced Fluency – Near-native proficiency Stages of Language Learning
- Motivation: Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic • - Exposure: The more, the better • - Age: Younger learners acquire pronunciation easily • - Cognitive Abilities: Memory and problem-solving matter • - Learning Environment: Immersion and structured lessons Key Factors in Language Learning
- Immersion: Surrounding oneself with the language • - Active Practice: Speaking and writing • - Contextual Learning: Learning words in context • - Error Correction: Learning from mistakes • - Using Multiple Resources: Books, apps, and media Strategies for Effective Language Learning
Language learning is a dynamic and lifelong process. • By understanding language acquisition and using effective strategies, learners can enhance their skills. Conclusion