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    4. Understanding food webs includes quantifying biomass and productionUnderstanding food webs includes quantifying biomass and production

    7. A good reminder is to think of the amount of food in the ‘weekly shop’. Even children who are growing fast do not accumulate much food as growth - most is converted to energyA good reminder is to think of the amount of food in the ‘weekly shop’. Even children who are growing fast do not accumulate much food as growth - most is converted to energy

    9. These are real numbers. Krill can grow very fast by comparison with land herbivores - up to 3% of body mass per day. But they also use a lot of energy swimming, so a large amount of their food is devoted to respirationThese are real numbers. Krill can grow very fast by comparison with land herbivores - up to 3% of body mass per day. But they also use a lot of energy swimming, so a large amount of their food is devoted to respiration

    11. The final conversion efficiency is high compared with the benchmark value of 10% quoted in most textbooksThe final conversion efficiency is high compared with the benchmark value of 10% quoted in most textbooks

    12. Warm-blooded animals have to devote more food to energy generation in order to maintain a constant body temperatureWarm-blooded animals have to devote more food to energy generation in order to maintain a constant body temperature

    17. The animated sequence build various food chains through the Southern Ocean food webThe animated sequence build various food chains through the Southern Ocean food web

    20. These losses represent the conversion of food to energy (and loss of indigestible material)These losses represent the conversion of food to energy (and loss of indigestible material)

    23. There are more links in this food chain, so more lossesThere are more links in this food chain, so more losses

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