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Periodic Trends

Periodic Trends. Test Your Knowledge. Metals, Nonmetals, Semimetals. Use M for metal N for nonmetal and S for semimetal Answer the following. Metals, Nonmetals, Semimetals. Classify Indium. Classify Hydrogen. These tend to be electron givers.

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Periodic Trends

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  1. Periodic Trends Test Your Knowledge

  2. Metals, Nonmetals, Semimetals • Use M for metal • N for nonmetal and • S for semimetal • Answer the following.

  3. Metals, Nonmetals, Semimetals • Classify Indium. • Classify Hydrogen. • These tend to be electron givers. • Which metalloid is most important to the computer industry? • Classify Al. • How many metalloids are there? • Classify the halogens. • Which family (column) has only one metal? • Which nonmetal is liquid at room temp? • Which two valence electron configurations do we associate with most metals?

  4. Answers • Metal • Nonmetal • Metal • Si • Metal • 8 • Nonmetal • V or 15 (Bi is the only metal in the phosphorus family) • Br • s1 or s2

  5. Atomic Radius • Going down a column, how does radius change? • Going across a row left to right, how does radius change? • Which has greater radius: Fe or La? • Te or F? • B or C? • Pu or Fr?

  6. Answers • Increases • Decreases • La • Te • B • Fr

  7. IE Radius Ionization Energy • Define Ionization Energy or Potential • Which has lower I. E.: K or Ni? • Cl or I? • P or Ga: • Ar or Si? • What are the units of IE? • Draw the proper slope for this graph:

  8. IE Radius Answers • Energy required to remove a valence electron from an atom or ion. • K • I • Ga • Si • kJ/mol or electron volts

  9. Electron Affinity • What are the units of measure for e- affinity? • If E is released, is e- affinity + or -? • Which has greater (-) e- affinity: Cl or Cr? • Li or Cs? • Br or Kr? • Which has a + e- affinity: K or Ca?

  10. Answers • kJ/mole • - • Cl • Li • Br (Kr is a noble gas) • Ca (alkaline earth metal)

  11. Metallic Character • Metallic character is the ability to give away___? • Which has greater metallic character: Mg or Be? • P or Bi? • Br or Sr? • Au or Cs? • The elements in which corner of the per. table have the greatest metallic character?

  12. Answers • Electrons • Mg • Bi • Sr • Cs • Lower left

  13. Electronegativities • Electronegativity is an atom’s attraction for ___? • Generally, metals are more/less electronegative than nonmetals. • Which is more electronegative: P or Cl? • H or He? • H or Li? • C or N? • What are the units of electronegativity? • What is the range of the electronegativity scale?

  14. Answers • Another atom’s electrons. • Less • Cl • H • H • N • Paulings • 0-4

  15. Reactivity • The most reactive nonmetal is _____. • The most reactive metal is _______. • Reactivity increases as one moves toward the ends/middle of the table. • The most reactive nonmetal atoms are the larger/smaller ones. • The least reactive family of elements is the ___. • Which reaction will be more vigorous: Br with K or Na? • Which reaction will be more vigorous: Br with K or Ca? • Why are metals like silver, gold and platinum used extensively for jewelry and coins.

  16. Answers • F • Fr • Ends • Small • Noble gases • K • K • Because they are very unreactive and so last a long time. They are sometimes called ‘noble metals.’

  17. Other questions • Why does radius increase going down a column? • Why does radius decrease going across a row? • Why is it easier to remove electrons from large atoms than from small ones? • Why do the alkaline earth metals and noble gases have + e- affinities? • What characteristics and properties would you predict for tungsten (W) in terms of size (relative to other elements in its column and row), electric conductivity, luster, hardness?

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