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Infertility is defined as the inability of a couple to achieve pregnancy despite unprotected intercourse for a period of more than twelve months duration. More than 15% of couples of reproductive age have impaired fecundity (difficulty achieving pregnancy). <br>
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What is infertility & what technology is available? Infertility is defined as the inability of a couple to achieve pregnancy despite unprotected intercourse for more than twelve months. More than 15% of couples of reproductive age have impaired fecundity (difficulty achieving pregnancy). The rate of male infertility has increased in the past fifty years, and it is well-known that female fertility decreases as a woman approaches age forty. The reproductive process is so intricate that even the most fertile couples have only a one in four chance of conceiving each month. In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) The female patient is given medicine, usually by injection, to stimulate the maturing process of her eggs (ova). These eggs are then retrieved and combined with sperm outside the woman's body. The resulting embryos are nourished in an incubator before being placed in the woman's womb (uterus) to continue their normal fetal development. Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer (GIFT) As with in vitro fertilization (IVF), the woman's eggs are stimulated. However, in the GIFT procedure, the eggs are fertilized within the woman's body. By laparoscopy, the eggs are removed from the ovaries and placed immediately into the fallopian tubes
along with prepared sperm. The resulting fertilized egg then descends into the uterus to continue its normal development. The procedure was abandoned. Cryopreservation Using an advanced scientific technique, gametes, testicular tissue or embryos are frozen (cryo) and stored (preserved) to be used later by the same couple. The embryo is returned to the woman's body with very little need for medication. Babies born after embryo cryopreservation are just as healthy as babies conceived spontaneously. Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) ICSI is an advanced method for treating male infertility in Bangladesh and other countries. Using this technique, a single sperm is inserted into a mature egg obtained from an ovary of a woman undergoing in vitro fertilization. ICSI is the treatment of choice for couples who have experienced previous IVF failures or low sperm quality. The numbers of high-quality embryos were slightly higher than in standard IVF. Embryos for transfer could be expected in 95-97 % of ICSI cycles. Babies born after intracytoplasmic sperm injection are just as healthy as babies conceived spontaneously. Ovulation Induction This technique oligo-ovulation. More recently, it has improved a woman's chances of conceiving using assisted procreation methods by increasing the number of eggs that will grow. has traditionally been used for women with anovulation or Intrauterine Injection (IUI) This procedure is often called artificial insemination. The procedure involves placing sperm into the uterus with a small catheter through the cervix. In this way, the sperm is brought past the cervical barrier and movement into the fallopian tubes is made easier. Variations in the procedure involve taking medications to produce multiple follicles and releasing more than one egg (superovulation) to improve the chances of fertilization. Testicular and Epididymal Sperm Aspiration The sperm of men who suffer from a blockage or other abnormality which prevents the passage of sperm through ejaculation can be retrieved through minor surgery. The sperm is taken from the epididymis or the testicle properly and injected using Intracytoplasmic sperm into mature eggs obtained from a woman through in vitro fertilization. Sperm obtained in this way can be cryopreserved for later use.
Assisted Embryo Hatching A shell-like substance surrounds a woman's eggs. When the embryo reaches the uterus, it must break out of the shell to make contact with the womb's lining (endometrium). Assisted embryo hatching is a technique which helps to open the shell surrounding the egg just before being placed in the woman's uterus following in vitro fertilization. In some women helping the embryo break through its shell may improve the chances of an IVF pregnancy. Egg Donation When a woman's ovaries stop functioning prematurely, she no longer produces eggs. Egg donation is a process in which an anonymous donor produces and donates her eggs. The eggs are fertilized, and the resulting embryos are placed in the uterus of the affected woman to continue normal fetal development. Sperm Donation When a man cannot produce viable sperm, sperm donation is a process in which an anonymous donor produces and donates his sperm. A woman's eggs are fertilized, and the resulting embryos are placed in the uterus to continue normal fetal development. Cytoplasmic transfer In women who expected low-quality eggs, the cytoplasmic transfer can be indicated. Using the same procedure as ICSI, donor cytoplasm (without genetic information but full of unknown cytoplasmic factors like enzymes, mitochondria and energy sources) could be aspirated from donor eggs and transferred to the recipient's egg. This way, cytoplasm could be improved and ensure proper chromosomal distribution and contact. This method is not so successful as egg donation but works with a woman's genetic material.
