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Introduction to Sleep and Sleep Disorders

Sleep Academic Award. 2. Sleep Disorders - Socioeconomic Consequences. 40 million Americans suffer from chronic disorders of sleep and wakefulness.95% of these remain unidentified and undiagnosed.The annual direct cost of sleep-related problems is $16 billion, with an additional $50-$100 billion in indirect costs (accidents, litigation, property destruction, hospitalization, and death)..

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Introduction to Sleep and Sleep Disorders

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    1. Sleep Academic Award 1 Introduction to Sleep and Sleep Disorders Steven M. Scharf MD, PhD

    2. Sleep Academic Award 2

    3. Sleep Academic Award 3 What else about sleep? Sleep disorders are common Sleep disorders are serious Sleep disorders are treatable Sleep disorders are underdiagnosed

    4. Sleep Academic Award 4 Sleep - Definition A very complex orchestration of physiological and behavioral processes. Unlike coma: physiologic, recurrent, and reversible.

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    17. Sleep Academic Award 17 Sleep structure

    18. Sleep Academic Award 18 State Determination Behavioral Electrographic Neuronal state Within each state, there is ongoing variability and fluctuation of brain/neural activity.

    19. Sleep Academic Award 19 Polygraphic Monitoring

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    23. Sleep Academic Award 23 Sleep Medicine Introduction

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    38. Sleep Academic Award 38 Quantification in terms of “events” Apneas = airflow stops Hypopneas = airflow decreases Respiratory Disturbance index (RDI) = the number of events for each hour of sleep More than 20 is often considered “severe”

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    40. Sleep Academic Award 40 Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome Excessive daytime sleepiness Snoring Obesity is a risk Only 50% are obese, means 50% NOT obese Poor cognition/memory Social/sexual/psychologic problems

    41. Sleep Academic Award 41 Cardiovascular Disease The association with hypertension is striking Increased risk for Heart Attack Increased risk for Stroke Increased incidence of Sudden Death Many cardiac rhythm disturbances

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    45. Sleep Academic Award 45 Treatment Medical Treatment Lose weight if obese Eliminate alcohol, sedatives Improved sleep hygiene Smoking Cessation Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) Upper airway surgery Dental orthotic or mandibular positioning devices

    46. Sleep Academic Award 46 Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)

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