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70-270: MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP Professional Second Edition, Enhanced Chapter 13: Booting Windows XP

70-270: MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP Professional Second Edition, Enhanced Chapter 13: Booting Windows XP. Objectives. Understand the Windows XP boot process Work with the Windows XP boot phase Understand troubleshooting and advanced startup options

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70-270: MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP Professional Second Edition, Enhanced Chapter 13: Booting Windows XP

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  1. 70-270: MCSE Guide to Microsoft Windows XP ProfessionalSecond Edition, Enhanced Chapter 13: Booting Windows XP

  2. Objectives • Understand the Windows XP boot process • Work with the Windows XP boot phase • Understand troubleshooting and advanced startup options • Understand boot configuration and selecting an operating system Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  3. Objectives (continue) • Edit the Boot.ini file • Understand the XP load phase • Understand multiple-boot systems Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  4. Windows XP Boot Phase • Boot processphases: • Boot phase • Begins when computer is first powered on • Begins when you choose Restart from Turn Off Computer dialog box • Load phase • Begins when boot phase is completed • Configuration is selected Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  5. Boot Phase Steps • Power-on self test (POST) • Initial startup • Boot loader • Selecting the operating system • Detecting hardware • Selecting a configuration Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  6. Power-on Self Test • First step in boot sequence for any computer with an operating system • Determines: • Amount of real memory that exists • Whether or not all necessary hardware components are present • Specific tests depend on BIOS Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  7. Power-on Self Test (continued) • Tests successful: • Computer boots itself • Tests unsuccessful: • Computer reports error by: • Emitting a series of beeps • Possibly displaying error message and code on screen • Software resides in: • Battery-powered chip • Called CMOS Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  8. Power-on Self Test (continued) Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  9. Initial Startup • Involves numerous files and initialization procedures • Master Boot Record (MBR) • Partition boot sector • Ntldr • System partition • Boot partition Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  10. Windows XP Startup Files Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  11. Boot Loader • Collection of files on system partition • Used to initiate loading of operating system • Displays boot menu • Required files: • Ntldr • Ntdetect.com • Boot.ini Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  12. Boot Loader (continued) • Partition format: • FAT • FAT32 • NTFS Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  13. Selecting the Operating System • Boot.ini • Contains operating system choices • Boot selection menu • User chooses operating system Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  14. Boot Selection Menu Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  15. Detecting Hardware • Ntdetect.com • Executed by boot loader • Used to collect list of hardware currently installed in computer • Creates a system profile • Profile later compared to Windows XP Registry entries Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  16. Selecting a Configuration • System selects configuration • Known as hardware profile Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  17. Troubleshooting and Advanced Startup Options • Windows XP combines boot and recovery options of: • Windows NT • Windows 95/98 • Press F8 to access additional startup options Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  18. Troubleshooting and Advanced Startup Options (continued) • Safe Mode • Safe Mode with Networking • Safe Mode with Command Prompt • Enable Boot Logging • Enable VGA Mode • Last Known Good Configuration • Directory Services Restore Mode • Debugging Mode Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  19. Troubleshooting and Advanced Startup Options (continued) Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  20. Boot Configuration and Selecting an Operating System • Controlled through configuration file • Boot.ini • File located in the root directory of the system partition • Used by boot loader to display the list of available operating systems • Consists of two sections: • [boot loader] • [operating systems] Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  21. Sample Boot.ini Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  22. [boot loader] • Settings: • timeout • default • Timeout • Number of seconds system waits for user to select an operating system • Setting of zero • Default operating system automatically loaded • Timeout • Setting of -1 • Waits indefinitely Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  23. [operating systems] • Lists available operating systems • Listing contains: • Path to boot partition for operating system • Text displayed in boot loader screen • Optional parameters • Switches: • /BASEVIDEO • /BAUDRATE=n • /BOOTLOG Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  24. [operating systems] (continued) • Switches: • /CRASHDEBUG • /DEBUG • /DEBUGPORT={com1|com2|1394} • /FASTDETECT={com1|com2|…} • /MAXMEM=n • /NOGUIBOOT • /NODEBUG Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  25. [operating systems] (continued) • Switches: • /NUMPROC=n • /SAFEBOOT:MINIMAL • /SAFEBOOT:NETWORK • /SAFEBOOT:MINIMAL(ALTERNATESHELL) • /SOS Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  26. Advanced RISC Computing Pathnames • Path pointing to \WINDOWS directory in Boot.ini written using Advanced RISC Computing pathnamenaming conventions • scsi(n) or multi(n) • disk(n) • rdisk(n) • partition(n) • \path Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  27. Editing Boot.ini • Options: • Use Control Panel to edit indirectly • Use text editor to change directly Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  28. Using Control Panel • Safest way to proceed • System applet: • Advanced tab • Startup and Recovery section • Settings button • Startup and Recovery dialog box • Choose default boot selection • Select delay interval before boot selection starts automatically Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  29. Using Control Panel (continued) Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  30. Startup and Recover Dialog Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  31. Using a Text Editor • Use Notepad or any other text editor • Be careful when editing file • Incorrect configuration: • Windows XP might not boot • Create backup copy of file before making changes Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  32. Windows XP Load Phase • Stages: • Loading the kernel • Initializing the kernel • Services load • Windows XP system startup • Logging on Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  33. Loading the Kernel • Boot loader loads into memory: • Windows XP kernel (Ntoskrnl.exe) • Hardware abstraction layer (HAL; file Hal.dll) • Boot loader retrieves configuration you selected from Registry subkey: • HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\Select • Loads drivers listed in Registry subkey: • HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  34. Loading the Kernel (continued) Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  35. Initializing the Kernel • Kernel creates Registry key: • HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\HARDWARE • Creates CloneControlSet • Initializes drivers that were loaded by boot loader Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  36. Initializing the Kernel (continued) • Driver error levels: • Ignore • Normal • Severe • Critical Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  37. Services Load • Kernel starts Session Manager • Starts programs that correspond to key entries under Registry key: • HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\SessionManager\BootExecute • Autocheck • Paging files are set up Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  38. Services Load (continued) • Session Manager writes to Registry: • CurrentControlSet • CloneControlSet • Windows (Win32) subsystem loaded Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  39. Windows XP System Startup • Signaled by appearance of Windows XP logon screen • Win32 subsystem starts winlogon.exe Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  40. Logging On • User logs on • Boot process is not complete until Clone control set is copied to Last Known Good control set Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  41. Multiple-boot Systems • Windows XP operating system can peacefully coexist with other operating systems • Operating system uses one or more file systems to organize the data within volumes • Not all file systems and operating systems are compatible Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  42. Multiple Windows Operating Systems • Operating systems can co-exist with Windows XP: • Windows 3.1 • Windows 3.11 • Windows 95/98 • Windows NT • Windows 2000 • Windows Server 2003 • Specify different installation partition Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  43. Multiple Installation Order • Order in which you install operating systems is important • Install older operating systems first Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

  44. Summary (continued) • Boot process consists of boot phase and load phase • Press F8 to access Windows Advanced Options Menu • After boot loader, kernel is loaded into memory and is granted control of computer • Boot process can be altered by changing Boot.ini • Older Windows versions can co-exist with XP Guide to MCSE 70-270, Second Edition, Enhanced

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