How to Invest in Stock Market

1. Research Via Financial Services

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6. Share Market Basics

7. Let’s Start With Share Market A stock market is Equivalent to a share market. The key difference is that a stock market helps you trade financial instruments like bonds, derivatives mutual funds, as well as shares of companies. A share market only allows trading of shares. The Main factor is the stock exchange – the basic platform that provides the facilities used to trade company stocks and another securities. A stock may be bought or sold only if it is listed on an exchange. Thus, it is the meeting place of the stock buyers and sellers. Domestic premier stock exchanges are the Bombay Stock Exchange and the National Stock Exchange.

8. Diagram

9. Primary Market This where a company gets certified to issue a certain amount of shares and raise money. This is also called getting listed in a stock exchange. A company enters basic markets to raise capital. If the company is selling shares for the first time, it is called an Initial Public Offering. The company thus becomes public.

10. Secondary Market Once fresh securities have been sold in the primary market, these shares are traded in the secondary market. This is to offer a chance for trader to exit an investment and sell the shares. Secondary market transactions are referred to trades where 1 investor buys shares from another investor at the prevailing market price or at whatever price the 2 parties agree upon. Normally, investors conduct such transactions using an intermediary such as a broker, who facilitates the process.

11. HOW TO BUY SHARES? First, you need to open a trading account and a demat account. This trading and demat account will be linked to your savings account to facilitate smooth transfer of money and shares.

12. WHAT DOES THE SEBI DO? Stock markets are risky. Hence, they need to be coordinated to protect investors. The Security and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) is mandated to oversee the inferior and primary markets in India since 1988 when the Government of India entrenched it as the regulatory body of stock markets. Within a short period of time, SEBI became an autonomous body through the SEBI Act of 1992. SEBI has the liability of both development and regulation of the market. It regularly comes out with inclusive regulatory measures aimed at ensuring that end investors benefit from safe and transparent dealings in securities. Its basic objectives are: • Regulating the stock market • Promoting the development of the stock market • Protecting the interests of investors in stocks

13. WHAT ARE BULL AND BEAR MARKETS? Markets are often described as ‘bear’ or ‘bull’ markets. These names have been derived from the manner in which the animals attack their adversary. A bull thrusts its horns up into the air, and a bear swipes its paws down. These actions are metaphors for the migration of a market: if stock prices trend upwards, it is considered a bull market; if the trend is descending, it is considered a bear market. The supply and demand for securities largely determine whether the market is in the bull or bear phase. Forces like investor psychology, government involvement in the economy and changes in economic movement also drive the market up or down. These combine to make investors bid higher or lower prices for stocks.

14. WHAT ARE TOP-DOWN, BOTTOM-UP APPROACHES? The top-down approach 1st takes into consideration the macro-economy. You understand the trends and outlook for the final economy. Using this, you choose a one or more industries that are expected to do well in the near future. This is because every industry reacts to whole economic conditions like inflation, interest rates, consumer demand and so on, in a different way. Select 1 among the industries after in-depth analysis. Next, you understand the workings of the industry, the players and competitors and another factors that affect the sector. Based on this, you select one of the companies in the corporation. The bottom-up approach is just the opposite. You do not look at the economy or select an industry 1st, but concentrate on company fundamentals. You first understand what your priorities are – high growth or steady income by high dividends. Using appropriate ratios like the Price-to-Earnings ratio or the Dividend-yield, you select a group of stocks. Next, analyze each of these companies; find answers for questions like what factors drive profits? Is the company management effective? Is the company heavily indebted? What is the future outlook? And so on. Based on the outcome, select the company that best fits your requirements.

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