Balancing Nationalism and Sectionalism in an American Society Chapter 7

1. Balancing Nationalism and Sectionalism in an American SocietyChapter 7 U.S. History Period 2

2. The Industrial Revolution By: Mike Yocius & Paul Matouski

3. Its Time… For a Revolution • Great Britain began the first industrial revolution. • When first started, they mass produced goods such as textiles.

4. What is the reason for an U.S industrialization? • U.S has great resources like rushing rivers, rich deposits of coal and iron. • The U.S also has immigrants which are eager to find work.

5. What is the reason for an U.S industrialization? Part 2 • Thomas Jefferson made the Embargo Act this prohibited Americans from shipping goods to Europe. • This made many people turn to large – scale factory work because it was the only way to make good money

6. What is the reason for an U.S industrialization? Part 3 • Then the U.S went to war with Britain. • Britain then made naval blockades so it was impossible to make money trading so we had to industrialize

7. Railroads Farm inventions Tin Can Brooklyn Bridge The Home Insurance Building- 1st Skyscraper (Only Ten stories in the beautiful Chicago.) New Uses for Steel

8. Questions? • …?

9. Two Agricultural Systems Develop

10. Agriculture in North • Invested in manufacturing and factories due to increase of cities • Farming was mostly corn and cattle • Farms were smaller • Little demand for slavery • Slavery died out in 1700s

11. Cotton Big in the South • Eli Whitney invented cotton gin • South prospered with new invention • Britain and North had a large demand for cotton • Cotton gins accelerated slavery expansion

12. Slave Increase • Plantation owners wanted many slaves due to their size • Cotton production also created more want for slaves • Slave population went from 700,000 to 1,200,000 • A small number of slaves did gain freedom

13. Clay Proposes American System

14. Clay’s Plan • Establish protective tariff • Resurrecting National Bank • Sponsor development of transportation systems and other improvements

15. Tariff in National Bank • Tariff revenues helped pay for internal improvements (roads, canals, roadhouses) • Pres. James Madison proposed tariff

16. Review #1 • What are the three points of Clay’s Plan? • Establish protective tariff • Resurrecting National Bank • Sponsor development of transportation systems and other improvements

17. Review #2 • Who invented the cotton gin? • Eli Whitney

18. Review #3 • Who was bigger on agriculture the North or the South? • South

19. Chapter 7Section 2 Josh P Eddy G

20. Louisiana Purchase • Louisiana Purchase more than doubles the size of the United States. • This creates a need for more national power since the nation is bigger, the bigger it is the more control you need.

21. Boost of National Power • Government takes control of the economy, to keep states from growing too strong and keep balance. • Limit states power from being able to overturn laws made by the government. • Supported National bank because it was considered constitutional.

22. Foreign Policy • America takes Florida for nothing. • America warns Europe to leave the western hemisphere alone. • The western and eastern hemisphere agreement was called the Monroe Doctrine

23. Questions • Who did America take Florida from? • Spain • What is the name of the treaty that states the eastern and western hemispheres stay out of each others affairs? • Monroe Doctrine.

24. Ending • That was a fun little thing wasn’t it. A whole minute and a half, maybe two. Are you done reading yet? • Used text book only. • Manager Joshua Ryan Pahr • Pretty colors huh???

25. Nationalism Pushes America West Ben Mottashed Nikki Szatkowski

26. America Starts Expanding • After the presidents had made new laws about expanding U.S. territory, some people explored into the Northwest. • They arrived and turned prairies into farms, and water fronts into city centers.

27. Why West? • Some went to escape debts or the law. • Most traveled west for economic gain (fertile and cheap land.) • New life. • “No white man or woman will bear being called a servant…Hirelings must be spoken to with Civility and cheerfulness”. • That type of equality didn’t exist in the East.

28. What is the Northwest territory? • Present day Ohio, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin.

29. Northwest Ordinance of 1787 • Once a population reaches 60,000 people can petition and become a state. • Can draft a state constitution • Elect representatives • Officially become part of the U.S.

30. The Missouri Compromise • Because of slavery, Missouri had problems becoming a state. This was because the ratio of slave to slave free states would be unbalanced. • The Missouri Compromise was a series of agreements to temporarily resolve the crisis between the North and South. • Slavery was banned above the line of 36°30’ North Latitude-with the exception of Missouri. • The problem was settled for a generation after president Monroe signed the Missouri Compromise in 1820.

31. Review • 1. Name two of the four states that were considered the Northwest territory. • 2. What is the required number of people for a territory to become a state?

32. Expanding Democracy Changes Politics&Jackson’s New Presidential Style Section Three By: John Powalowski Eric Ruhlin

33. Was John Adams’ political chief opponent Won most popular votes, but lacked electoral votes Nickname was “Old Hickory” because he was at the age of 61 when elected President Won the presidency only because Adams and Henry Clay had a private conversation and Clay decided the outcome Soon after his presidency Adams made Clay secretary of state In 1828, lost the second time to Andrew Jackson because of more people being able to vote directly to the Electoral College Andrew JacksonJohn Quincy Adams

34. Andrew Jackson John Quincy Adams

35. Jackson Takes Office • When he came into office he fired nearly 10% of federal employees and the policy of “rotation in office” enabled Jackson to give away huge numbers of jobs to his friends and political allies. • Spoils System – in the spoils system, incoming officials throw out former appointees and replace them with their own friends.

36. The questions you have to answer • What was Andrew Jackson’s nickname? • Adam’s won the presidency only because he had a private conversation with whom?

37. Answer #1 • “Old Hickory” • Back to Questions!!!!!!!!!

38. Answer #2 • Henry Clay

39. The Removal Of Native Americans Chapter 7 Section 3

40. To begin… • White settlers wanted to move around Native Americans • Some tribes began to adopt the European culture after the War of 1812 • These tribes began to be called the Five Civilized Tribes (Cherokee, Choctaw, Seminole, Creek, and Chickasaw) • These “civilized tribes” still occupied valuable land in the United States

41. Indian Removal Act of 1830 • The problem: • White settlers needing the tribal lands for farming • The solution: • To move the Native Americans from their lands into the open Western territory • The execution: • Congress passed the Indian Removal act in 1830 which provided funds to negotiate treaties with the Native Americans that would move them Westwards. • About 90 of these treaties were signed

42. The Trail of TearsPart I • President Jackson pressured many Indian tribes to sign treaties • 1830- pressured Choctaw to move from Mississippi • 1831- ordered U.S. troops to force Sauk and Fox from their lands in Illinois and Missouri • 1832- Forced Chickasaw from their lands in Alabama and Mississippi

43. The Trails of TearsPart II • The Cherokee Tribe tried to go through the U.S. legal system to keep their land • John Marshall refused to rule the first case presented by the Cherokee’s • Cherokee’s teamed up with American Samuel Worcester because the court would have to hear a citizens case • The Cherokees won in 1832 but the battle for their land kept going

44. The Trail of TearsPart III • The Cherokee leader, John Ross, still tried to fight the state in courts but other Cherokees decided they should just move • In the end, the Cherokee tribe signed a treaty that gave all their land to the government in exchange for $5 million and land in Oklahoma • But when nearly 20,000 Cherokee remained after the treaty was signed, they were order to be removed • The trip that these Cherokee were forced on, was called the Trail of Tears • 800-mile trip -Many died

45. The End • What was The Trail of Tears? • The Five Tribes (Cherokee, Choctaw, Seminole, Creek, and Chickasaw) were called what? • Where did the gov’t want to send the Native Americans? Corey B. and Diane B.

46. A Tariff raises the State’s right issue Section 4 By Amanda Patrick

47. Tariff of Abominations • Congress in 1816 passed a tariff to protect the infant American industries. The tariff was increased in 1824 and again in 1828. • John C. Calhoun’s name for an 1828 tariff increase that seemed to Southerners to be enriching the North at their expense.

48. The Nullification Theory • Calhoun devised a nullification theory, which basically questioned the legality of applying some federal laws in the United States. • If each state had the right to declare the offending law nullified or illegal, or within its borders.

49. Haynes and Webster Debate • Robert Haynes of South Carolina debate Senator Daniel Webster of Massachusetts. • Haynes argued saying that he could not conceive of a “middle course, between submission to the laws, when regularly pronounced constitutional.

50. South Carolina Rebels • The Great Compromiser proposed a tariff bill that would gradually lower duties over the next ten year period. • In 1832, the issue of states rights was finally put to the test when congress passed a tariff law that South Carolina legislators still found unacceptable.