What geographic area do these names sound like they are from?

1. Using info from your FC and other information we’ve learned, rank the following occurrences from 1-6, 1 being the most essential to exploration

2. What geographic area do these names sound like they are from?

4. Pg 79 (FC went on 78) This copy is yours. Glue on pg 79. Answer below or make new pg labeled 79.1 RESPOND ONLY TO FIRST SAQ ON ZHENG HE

5. Columbian Exchange/ Spanish settlement of Americas pg 80

6. Columbian Exchange • Exchange of Goods, Ideas, and Disease between Afroeurasia and Americas • Goods • Ideas • Disease

7. Columbus • Colonizes Hispaniola • Plan: forts, trading ports • To get goods to Europe • After him Europe more interested in transoceanic exploration

8. Caribbean • Taino: The first people of the Americas to come into contact with the Spanish • Degraded their soil/ land: • Taino built agriculture in mounds, and Spanish overused the land and didn’t crop vary, so the crops slid off the islands into the sea

9. Warm up pg 67

10. Effects on the Native Population • Estimates of Haiti’s pre-Columbian population range as high as 8,000,000. • When Bartholomew Columbus (Christopher’s brother) took a census in 1496, he came up with 1,100,000. Historians feel the number was closer to 3,000,000. • By 1516, “thanks to the Indian slave trade and labor policies initiated by Columbus”, 12,000 remained. • By 1542, only 200 were left. By 1555, the Arawaks were gone. • As Native populations died out, Europeans supplemented slave labor with African slaves, beginning the Transatlantic slave trade. Source: “Lies My Teacher Told Me”, by James Loewen

11. Authority in Colonies • Viceroys: Aregal official who runs a colony in the name of and as representative of the monarch • India, Portugal, Brazil, Spanish Mesoamerica • Charters: • In Meso and South America - King or viceroy gives conquistadors permission to settle, trade in areas of the Americas • Didn’t always follow the rules set by the monarchs • In North America: right to settle by the king. • Merchants, religious groups, individuals/non affiliated groups

12. Fierce Competition: Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)

13. Spain, Portugal Basics • Motive: Gold, Glory, God • Spain Where: Central America, Caribbean, Coasts on S. America, SW USA • Portugal Where: Brazil, Africa, Indonesia

14. Spanish Explorers Hernando Cortez (Aztec) • Allies with natives who hate the Aztec • Dona Marina/ Malinche • Marches on Tenochtitlan • Against Viceroy’s permission • Disease worked in his favor

15. Pg 79 Grab textbook and RESPOND ONLY TO SAQ on Malinche

16. Spanish Explorers Pizzarro (Inca) • Takes over the Inca 1532 • How? Centralized government – easy to take the place of Emperor and insert self • Mit’a: uses rotational labor draft as a labor force to • Mine silver, mercury, etc • Huancavelica “Mine of Death” • Potosi – silver mine

17. Forced Labor drafts in Mesoamerica • Encomienda • European gets a certain amount of natives to work their land – local native leader decide who goes. In turn encomenderoswere supposed to teach them Christianity & Spanish • Highly abused – abandoned • Repartimiento: • The natives were forced to do low-paid or unpaid labor for a certain number of weeks or months each year on Spanish-owned farms, mines, workshops and public projects.  Hacienda: Estate/ landholdings for Spanish. Made it impossible for natives to live traditional agricultural lives

18. Pg 79 RESPOND ONLY TO SAQ on mercury mines and only A and B

19. Role of Priests • Jesuits & other Christian religious orders follow the conquistadors • Queen Isabella concerned about her subjects souls – Natives considered her subjects • This is why they cannot have straight up native slavery • Convert the natives and teach them Spanish and Christian life • Problems arise when Natives adopt Christianity but still kept old traditions of ancestor veneration/ pagan ceremonies, etc • Translators • Care takers • With new land/economic systems in place by Spanish, they can no longer carry out their self-sufficient lives because they don’t have their own personal land

20. End of Class Homework • Read PDF by next class • Keep up with KCG and Vocab

21. Numbered heads together

22. Who was the one explorer that was not European who explored the oceans before the rest in 1405? • Zhenghe • Shi huangdi • Moctezuma • Pizzaro

23. Where did Zhenghe explore and what type of journey was it? • Transoceanic; prestige • Indian Ocean trade route; prestige • Transoceanic; For Gold, Glory, God • Indian Ocean; For Gold, Glory, God

24. Why were many early explorers sent out of Portugal?(Can pick more than one) • Access to straights of Gibraltar • Access to Ocean • Access to information from Madrassas • Henry the Navigator set up a navigation school there

25. The Columbian exchange allowed for the spread of what between the two hemispheres?(Can pick more than one) • Food • Religion • Disease • technology

26. What was NOT something the America’s gave to Afroeuasia in the Columbian Exchange? • Syphilis • Potatoes • Chocolate • Sugar Cane • Tobacco

27. What was NOT something Afroeurasia gave to the Americas in the Columbian Exchange? • Cattle • Coffee • Tomatoes • Citrus • Whooping cough, flu, smallpox, typhus, measles, Malaria, Diphtheria

28. Who were the people Columbus invaded and pushed into coerced labor in Hispaniola to fuel shipping ports and sugar cane economies? • Inca • Taino • African slaves • Guanche

29. What was the name of the leadership in the Spanish Americas who ran the colonies as representative of the monarch? • Viceroy • Baron • Conquistadors • Governors

30. Charters were typically for _________ in Meso & South America, and ________in North America • Conquistadors; Merchants or religious groups • Merchants or religious groups; Conquistadors

31. Who issues charters for establishing a new colony?? • The King • The Viceroy only • The King, and sometimes the Viceroy in N. America • The King, and sometimes the Viceroy in Meso & S.America

32. The Treaty of Tordesillas was an imaginary boundary that allowed ______to colonize Brazil and everything to the east of it (i.e African coast and Indian Ocean), and ___________to colonize West of the line (so Meso America, North America, and the rest of South American) • Spain; Portugal • Portugal; Spain • England; Spain • Spain; England

33. ________ conquered the Inca and ______conquered the Aztec • Columbus; Pizzaro • Pizzaro; Columbus • Pizzaro; Cortes • Cortes; Pizzaro

34. The South American mountains were very lucrative for Spain because it contained both Potosi ( a _____mine) & Huancavelica (a _______mine) very near one another • Silver; Mercury • Mercury; Silver • Gold; Mercury • Mercury; Gold

35. Pre Columbian North America pg 81

36. Notes Pg 82Later explorationin North America Dutch French • Henry Hudson • In search of NW passage • 1609 claims Hudson River • Dutch West India Company • FUR TRADING • Hard to attract settlers • Jacques Cartier • 1534: St. Lawrence seaway • New France • Montreal, Quebec • Mostly fails • Samuel de Champlain • 1603 turns Quebec into Fur trade

37. English Expansion of English colonies • Due to large amounts of colonists • 1750 = 1.2 million colonists • Came into direct conflict with Natives and French • 1675 King Philip’s War • Colonists vs. Natives • Eventual English Victory • 1754 Seven Years War/ French and Indian War • Conflict over territories • French give up most N. American colonies • Jamestown 1607 • first permanent settlement in North America • Plymouth 1620 • Pilgrims • Massachusetts Bay • More families • Puritans

39. End of Class Homework • Read Chapter 18 by Monday • Keep up with KCG and Vocab • FYI – we are doing TAST on Friday, and doing the DBQ write on Monday