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Cell Division (part 4): Importance of mitosis

Students should be able to: <br>- state the importance of mitosis in growth, repair and asexual reproduction

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Cell Division (part 4): Importance of mitosis

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  1. Interphase in an animal cell

  2. Prophase in an animal cell

  3. Metaphase in an animal cell

  4. Anaphase in an animal cell

  5. Telophase in an animal cell

  6. Importance of mitosis 1. 2. 3. Growth of an organism (production of new cells) Repair of worn out parts (healing of wounds) Asexual reproduction - offspring are "clones" of their parent a. binary fission - single-celled organisms (e.g. amoeba) reproduce simply by splitting into two new cells b. budding - bud on parent organism (e.g. yeast) develops into a new organism through repeated cell divisions c. vegetative reproduction - plants send out stolons (above ground) or rhizomes (underground) which become new individuals e.g. strawberries, Bermuda grass, ferns

  7. Summary of Mitosis

  8. Mitosis in plant cells • Mitosis in plant cells is similar to that in an animal cell except that: 1. Centrioles are absent in a plant cell 2. Cleavage of cytoplasm does not occur during cytokinesis. Instead a cell plate is formed between the 2 daughter nuclei, dividing the cell into two. The cell plate is formed by the fusion of small fluid-filled vesicles produced by the Golgi apparatus

  9. Formation of cell plate

  10. DNA Replication and Mitosis must be precisely controlled • DNA replication faithfully copies all the information stored within the chromosomes • This ensures that daughter cells produced by mitosis contain all the sections of DNA (genes) needed for subsequent cell division and differentiation • Daughter cells are said to be genetically stable • As a zygote divides to form an embryo, the cells formed as the zygote divides has to be genetically stable for the embryo to develop normally • If an error occurs during DNA replication or mitosis, it will be transmitted to the daughter cells. This may lead to harmful changes to the genes and affect how the cells function. The embryo may not develop normally

  11. Cancer • Mistakes made in DNA replication or mitosis may cause the uncontrolled division of cells (cancer) • Cancer can be fatal as the cells lose the ability to control the way they divide as well as their normal functions • Cancerous growths in the alveoli of the lungs will reduce the surface area available for healthy alveoli to carry out gaseous exchange

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