Download
1 / 16
200 likes | 1.59k Vues
SIGMUND FREUD. “The father of Psychoanalysis”. Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalytic Perspective. 1856-1939 “I was the only worker in a new field.” Love him or hate him, Sigmund Freud has profoundly influenced Western culture. To recognize his influence, we need to understand
E N D
SIGMUND FREUD “The father of Psychoanalysis”
Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalytic Perspective 1856-1939 “I was the only worker in a new field.” Love him or hate him, Sigmund Freud has profoundly influenced Western culture. To recognize his influence, we need to understand Freud’s ideas concerning the unconscious, psychosexual stages, and mechanisms for defending against anxiety.
Sigmund Freud constructed his theory of personality from a handful of case studies Bertha Pappenheim Sergei Pankejeff “Anna O” “Wolfman”
Sigmund Freud (1935) put it most simply: The healthy adult, he said, is one who can love and work. • For most adults, love centers on family commitments toward partner, parents and children. • Work encompasses all our productive activities, whether for pay or not. Was Freud right? Does work, including a career, indeed contribute to self-fulfillment and life satisfaction?
Personality Theory According to Freud • Personality is defined in our textbook as follows: The unique pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting by which each person reacts to the external world. Freud called his theory and associated techniques psychoanalysis. Freud’s psychoanalytic perspective proposed that childhood sexuality and unconscious motivations influence personality. Unconsious- “below the surface” aspect of our mind, which contains thoughts, wishes, feelings and memories, of which we are unaware. Free association- the patient is asked to relax and say whatever comes to mind, no matter how embarrassing or trivial.
Personality Structure according to Freud ID-a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy constantly striving to satisfy basic drives to survive, reproduce, and aggress. The id operates on the pleasure principle: If not constrained by reality, it seeks immediate gratification. Ego-the largely conscious, “executive” part of personality that, according to Freud, mediates the demands of the id, superego, and reality. The ego operates on the reality principle, satisfying the id’s desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain. Superego-represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment (the conscience) and for future aspirations.
STAGE Oral (0-18 months) Anal (18-36 months) Phallic (3-6 years) Latency (6 to puberty) Genital (puberty on) FOCUS Pleasure centers on the mouth-sucking, chewing, biting Pleasure focuses on bowel and bladder elimination; coping with demands for control Pleasure zone is the genitals; coping with incestuous sexual feelings Dormant sexual feeling Maturation of sexual interest Freud’s Psychosexual Stages
Important Psychosexual Stage Theory Vocabulary • Oedipus complex-a boy’s sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father • Identification-the process by which, children incorporate their parents’ values into their developing superegos • Fixation-a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage, where conflicts were unresolved.
Repression Regression Reaction formation Projection Rationalization Displacement banishes anxiety-arousing thoughts and feelings from consciousness retreating to an earlier, more infantile stage of development the ego unconsciously makes unacceptable impulses look like their opposites Attributing one’s own unacceptable threatening impulses to others offers self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening, unconscious reasons for one’s actions shifts sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person, as when redirecting anger toward a safer outlet DEFENSE MECHANISMTactics that reduce or redirect anxiety in various ways, but always by distorting reality.
ASSESSING THE UNCONSCIOUSProjective Tests • Thematic Apperception Test-a test in which people view ambiguous pictures and then make up stories. • Rorschach Inkblot Test-a set of 10 inkblots, seeks to identify people’s inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the inkblots.
Freud’s View of Dreams • According to Freud dreams have 2 components: • Manifest Content-the storyline of our dreams-sometimes incorporates traces of previous days’ experiences and preoccupations. • Latent Content-censored symbolic version-consists of unconscious drives and wishes that may be threatening if expressed directly.
