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Solar Powered Desalination

Solar Powered Desalination. Energy Systems – Fall 2004 Devyn Haycox & Jeff Taisch. Solar Powered Desalination. The Worlds Water 97% Sea Water 3% Fresh Water. California Coastline http://www.windycityart.com/californiawallpaper/ocean%20wallpaper.jpg. Solar Powered Desalination.

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Solar Powered Desalination

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  1. Solar Powered Desalination Energy Systems – Fall 2004Devyn Haycox & Jeff Taisch

  2. Solar Powered Desalination The Worlds Water • 97% Sea Water • 3% Fresh Water California Coastline http://www.windycityart.com/californiawallpaper/ocean%20wallpaper.jpg

  3. Solar Powered Desalination The Worlds Fresh Water • 77% Ice • 22% Ground Water • 1% Rivers, Lakes and Streams

  4. Solar Powered Desalination Desalination The separation and removal of ions, salts and other dissolved solids from water. • Heat Based • Membrane Based Evaporation pool (Saudi Arabia) http://www.cea.fr/gb/publications/Clefs44/an-clefs44/clefs4481a.html

  5. Solar Powered Desalination Topic • Desalination powered by renewable energy using photovoltaic cells, possibly in conjunction with a fuel cell. Photovoltaic cells http://www.greenfield-hydroponics.com/

  6. Solar Powered Desalination Motivation • People need access to clean drinking water • 1/3 of the world population lacks this access • This is expected to affect 2/3 of the population within 20 years Water scarcity http://news.bbc.co.uk

  7. Solar Powered Desalination Research Question Is it possible to build a small scale low maintenance desalination unit using current methods with power requirements able to be supplied by photovoltaic cells? Photovoltaic cell http://members.aol.com/norfloat/fotsol2.jpg

  8. Solar Powered Desalination Corollary Questions • What are the power requirements associated with various desalination methods? • What quantity of power can be feasibly supplied by photovoltaic cells? • What are the potential geographic and temporal limitations? • At what scale would various desalination methods be compatible with PV cells while still producing water at a reasonable rate?

  9. Solar Powered Desalination Hypotheses • If we use photovoltaic cells then we can replace conventional power sources using current desalination methods. • If we use photovoltaic cells then we can offset a significant portion of the conventional power requirements using current desalination methods. • Photo voltaic cells are incompatible with current desalination methods.

  10. Solar Powered Desalination Strategies For Investigation Research • Current methods • Energy requirements • Scalability • Intermittent power compatibility • Cost comparison Coastline http://pantransit.reptiles.org/images/1996-07-28/ocean-shore.jpg

  11. Solar Powered Desalination Strategies For Investigation Calculations and analyses • Comparison of energy requirements with power output of various PV cells • Array size • Water production rate • Water quality • Effective operational range variations with time • Market analysis

  12. Solar Powered Desalination Strategies For Investigation Conceptual unit design and construction • Schematic • Product design • Prototype construction Example of a desalination schematic http://www.commonwealthknowledge.net/Desalntn/binfds3.jpg

  13. Solar Powered Desalination Current Desalination Research • As fresh water scarcity concerns have risen, research and development in desalination has increased • A large portion of the research is being done in the United States, the Middle East, and Japan • The most commonly used desalination method is multi-flash distillation • The most commonly used solar powered desalination method is passive evaporation

  14. Solar Powered Desalination Current Desalination Research Examples • Boehner discusses solar powered distillation desalination using large scale plants using a low technology intensive system • His system is 100% powered by the sun but is an example of passive distillation

  15. Solar Powered Desalination Current Desalination Research Examples • El-Nashar is a researcher in the UAE working on a solar assisted vacuum freezing ejector adsorption system with a million gallon a day capacity • This is an example of a system in which solar power can only supply a portion of the energy requirements needed.

  16. Solar Powered Desalination Looking Towards The Future • Due to the impending global water scarcity crisis, many human rights organizations are funding research on desalination in order to provide people with adequate drinking water. Everyone need water http://news.bbc.co.uk

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