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Adulthood

Adulthood. Segment 23 on DVD (“Stages of Adult Development”). Approximate age Stage Description of Task Adolescence Identity vs. role Teenagers work at refining a sense of self by (teens into confusion testing roles and then integrating them to

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Adulthood

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  1. Adulthood • Segment 23 on DVD (“Stages of Adult Development”)

  2. Approximate age Stage Description of Task Adolescence Identity vs. role Teenagers work at refining a sense of self by (teens into confusion testing roles and then integrating them to 20s) form a single identity, or they become confused about who they are. Young Adult Intimacy vs. Young adults struggle to form close relation- (20’s to early isolation ships and to gain the capacity for intimate 40s) love, or they feel socially isolated. Middle Adult Generativity vs. The middle-aged discover a sense of contri- (40s to 60s) stagnation buting to the world, usually through family and work, or they may feel a lack of purpose. Late Adult Integrity vs. When reflecting on his or her life, the older (late 60s and despair adult may feel a sense of satisfaction or up) failure. Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development

  3. Percentage “satisfied” with life as a whole 80 60 40 20 0 15 25 35 45 55 65+ Age group Adulthood -- satisfaction • Multinational surveys show that age differences in life satisfaction are trivial (Inglehart, 1990). • Adults mostly feel “generativity” and “integrity”

  4. Adulthood • Freud and Erikson focus on two main areas for adults: Love and Work. What’s missing? • Parenting • Play • Self-improvement • etc…

  5. Proportion of normal (20/20) vision when identifying letters on an eye chart Adulthood--Physical Changes • The Aging Senses 1.00 0.75 0.50 0.25 0 10 30 50 70 90 Age in years

  6. Percent correct when Identifying smells Adulthood--Physical Changes • The Aging Senses 90 70 50 10 30 50 70 90 Age in years

  7. Fatal accidents per 100 million miles Fatal accidents per 10,000 drivers Adulthood--Physical Changes Fatal accident rate 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 16 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 and over Age

  8. Older age groups have poorer performance After three introductions After two introductions After one introductions Adulthood--Cognitive Changes 100 • (Crook & West, 1990) Percent of names recalled 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 18 40 50 60 70 Age group

  9. Reasoning ability score Longitudinal method suggests more stability Cross-sectional method suggests decline 60 55 50 45 40 35 25 32 39 46 53 60 67 74 81 Age in years Cross-sectional method Longitudinal method Adulthood--Cognitive Changes • Cross-Sectional method suggests decline • Longitudinal method suggests more stability

  10. Verbal scores are stable with age Nonverbal scores decline with age Verbal scores Nonverbal scores Adulthood -- IQ Intelligence (IQ) score 105 100 95 90 85 80 75 20 25 35 45 55 65 70 Age group

  11. Percentage with dementia 40% 30 20 10 0 Risk of dementia increases in later years 60-64 70-74 80-84 90-95 65-69 75-79 85-89 Age Group Adulthood—Cognitive changes • Incidence of dementia by age

  12. Adulthood—Cognitive changes • Alzheimer’s Disease • a progressive and irreversible brain disorder – most common form or dementia • characterized by a gradual deterioration of memory, reasoning, language, social abilities, and finally, physical functioning Video (Larry Gorrell – Ab Psy tape #10)

  13. Alzheimer’s cortex

  14. Alzheimer’s • Beta-amyloid • Protein collects in clumps or plaques in the cortex in between neurons – damages or kills the neurons • Neurofibrillary tangles • Protein filaments IN the neurons get twisted; interferes with neural communication and eventually kills the neurons

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