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Tuesday February 13th Art 100 5505 Today: Cornell Notes for either Chapter 1, 2, or 3 due today Test 2: March 8th Power Point and Quiz 4 Info Test #1 Sections to be returned next Tuesday Image ID quiz on Thursday Chapter 4: Shape and Space
Test # 2 will be on Thursday March 8th • Test 2 will cover Chapters 4, 5, and 6 • Test 2 will call for you to submit Cornell Notes again • Test 2 will involve a written analysis again • Test 2 will involve an In-class Image ID portion again • Test 2 will have an on-line portion again • The grading will be tougher on Test 2 than on Test 1
Power Point and Quiz # 4 • The link for today’s Power Point will be posted until 5:00 am Sunday February 18th • Quiz # 4 • Will be open Sunday February 18th @ 6:00 am • Will close Tuesday February 20th @ 6:00 am • Test # 1 graded items to be returned next Tuesday
In-class Image Quiz @ on Thursday • You will work in pairs • You will have a quiz on 5 of the images from Chapter 4 in class • You will be shown an image from Chapter 4 • a. Provide the title of the work • b. and for Identifying Feature1 • c. and Identifying Feature 2 • 2. In this case you would respond with: • a. Moon Pine • b. Hiroshige • c. Japanese Composition • Be prepared to do your best
Chapter 4: Shape and Space
Shape is a two-dimensional area: • Height • Width Shape can be defined by line
Over time, young children’s scribbles evolve…. … moving from one-dimensional lines into two-dimensional shapes.
In artworks – the 2-D area in which an artwork is developed is often referred to as the “picture plane”.
When shapes are placed within the picture plane: “placement” The relationship between the subject and picture plane is called: figure – ground
As other shapes, colors, etc. are used…. …this becomes a matter of “composing” the picture… … or more accurately – the “composition”.
In children’s drawings, the use of schemas are composition tools.
Spaceis the area the artist develops for a particular purpose or intent. Space includes distances or area(s) around, between, and within things within the work of art.
Part of our definition of space is positive and negative space or shapes. Positive space refers to the space of a shape or form of the subject matter. Negative space refers to the space around and between the subject matter.
Negative spaces Positive spacerefers to the subject matter. Negative space refers to the space around and between the subject matter.
Actual space is contained and defined by actual physical mass as in this cathedral nave.
Nave, Reims Cathedral FranceActual Space
Cathedrals took a hundred or more years to build during the Middle Ages – and your great grandfather, grandfather, and father could all have worked on the same church.They were the greatest artworks and architecture of the Middle Ages.
The Middle Ages or Medieval Period lasted from the 5th to the 15th century The Medieval period was full of difficulties: famine, plague, and war. Most people worked in service for a lord, a prince, or king who provided them with a measure of security and stability. Few could read or write, and lived a life based only on their skills or strength. The Christian faith promised a reward of life after death for those who lived a faithful life and supported the church.
The creation the strong vertical space in the cathedral, and the use of both implied and vertical lines draws our eyes upwards (to heaven)
After the Medieval period came the Renaissance, with its emphasis on learning and on the individual…. …rather than the church and religion.
Renaissance explorers such as Columbus expanded European’s understanding of the physical world. During the Renaissance the invention of the printing press allowed books and ideas to be spread more quickly.
Renaissance scholars and others studied ancient Greek philosophers such as Socrates, Aristotle and Plato... ….and they developed “perspective”.
Perspective (Mechanical Perspective)is an approach and a technique used to create the illusion of three-dimensional space on a two-dimensional picture plane.
Sky Horizon Line Land Mechanical Perspective begins with the horizon line – where the land and the sky meet.
Vanishing Point Horizon Line The vanishing point is the point where (theoretically) things are so far into the distance that they “vanish”
Horizon Line In one point perspective, “lines” and edges are all oriented to the one vanishing point. All perspective “lines” converge on the vanishing point.So literally, one (vanishing) point perspective.
Two point perspective is where there are two vanishing points on the horizon line where lines converge.
Horizon Line Vanishing Point Vanishing Point While in …. Rainy Day, there is an example of two-point perspective……..
The artist used mostly a one-point perspective in the painting
Horizon Line Two last points about the horizon line:When it is lower in the picture, the artwork usually has more illusion of space (depth).
Horizon Line When the horizon line is higher in the picture, the artwork usually has less illusion of space (depth).
Atmospheric perspective refers to the effect the atmosphere has on the appearance of an object as it is viewed from a distance.
Background Middle ground Foreground In atmospheric perspective, the image is developed within “divisions” of space to create the illusion of space
The background generally features the smallest details and has few strong light / dark contrasts. Edges of objects are softer still. In the Middle ground, there are light / dark contrasts as well as edges – but both are softened a bit. Objects are generally smaller than in the foreground, and have less details. The Foreground - where usually the largest objects/shapes and the sharpest light / dark contrasts are found. Sharper edges and many details are found here as well.
….. Rainy Day CaillebottePerspective
Ando Hiroshige Moon Pine 19th and early 20th century Western art was influenced by Japanese approach to compositions
Moon Pine does not use the vanishing point or converging lines of mechanical perspective, and so our eye does not travel “into” the image. The compositions emphasize the overall placement and patterns of shapes and colors.
By using large, bold shapes and subject matter in the foreground, our eyes are more focused on them – and not on entering an illusion of 3-D space in the background. This arrangement of shapes and details allow us to appreciate the overall design and flatter qualities.
…Rainy Day From One Hundred Views of Edo Two views of same subject – people on a city street. The difference of a Japanese approach, and the western use of perspective.
Modernism reflected cultural changes in Western cultures during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Those changes were in technology, in large growing urban populations and the exposure to non-western cultures and ideas. Many Modern artists felt art needed to change in response to how their own Western cultures were developing.
Matisse Harmony in Red 1908/ 09 Matisse was influenced by Japanese prints and their approach. In his path to abstraction, he embraced their approach to composition and the absence of “perspective”.
Picasso Matisse Modernism emphasizes the individual vision and creative path of the artist, so even though these two are early Modernists…. Picasso wanted to paint a “modern” abstract painting that would challenge viewer’s aesthetics, while Matisse wanted to use abstraction to engage viewers in a new “modern” aesthetic.
Development of a Bottle in Space Boccioni Early Modernism
Umberto Boccioni Early Modernism Development of a bottle in Space 1913 Urban and technological influences Futurism, an early Modernist movement embraced the technology, and the speed and energy of the new 20th century
