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PAP Bio 9/5-6 WU Finish experimental design/ set up Eco II PP HW : no change

PAP Bio 9/5-6 WU Finish experimental design/ set up Eco II PP HW : no change. Ecology. Energy Flow. Autotrophs are producers , they can synthesize their own organic nutrients. They can do this by photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.

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PAP Bio 9/5-6 WU Finish experimental design/ set up Eco II PP HW : no change

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  1. PAP Bio 9/5-6 • WU • Finish experimental design/ set up • Eco II PP • HW: no change

  2. Ecology Energy Flow

  3. Autotrophs areproducers, they can synthesize their own organic nutrients. • They can do this by photosynthesis or chemosynthesis. • Chemosynthetic bacteria get energy and raw materials from vents called "smokers" on the ocean floor. • Tube worms rely upon the bacteria that coexist with them to make food at the bottom of the ocean.

  4. Heterotrophsare consumers, they must consume preformed organic nutrients synthesized by other organisms. "I MUST BE A HETEROTROPH, I CAN'T SYNTHESIZE THESE !!"

  5. Examples of heterotrophs: • Saprophytes are decomposers they eat dead or decaying material. Examples are mushrooms and bacteria of decay. • Scavengers – eat carrion • Herbivores- eat plants • Carnivores- eat meat • Omnivores- eat both plants and meat

  6. "What shall I eat today...meat or veggies....."

  7. SYMBIOSIS means "living together" • Types of Symbiosis • parasitism: the parasite benefits at the expense of the host • mutualism: both organisms benefit from the association • commensalism: one organism is benefited and the other is unharmed

  8. The remora benefits from its’ association with the shark.

  9. The Clown fish and sea anemone both benefit from living together

  10. This skin fluke causes tissue damage on the koi it attaches to.

  11. A food chain indicates the transfer of energy from producers through a series of organisms which feed upon each other

  12. The algae and plants are the producers. • The aquatic crustaceans are primary consumers – they eat the producers. • Fish are secondary consumers – they eat the primary consumers. • The raccoons represent a 3rd level of consumer.

  13. Food Webs • A food web is a series of interrelated food chains which provides a more accurate picture of the feeding relationships in an ecosystem, as more than one thing will usually eat a particular species.    

  14. Trophic Levels • An energy pyramid provides a means of describing the feeding and energy relationships within a food chain or web.    • Each step of an energy pyramid shows that some energy is stored in newly made structures of the organism which eats the preceding one.   • The pyramid also shows that much of the energy is lost when one organism in a food chain eats another.   Most of this energy which is lost goes into the environment as heat energy.

  15. or tertiary • Producer organisms represent the greatest amount of living tissue or biomass at the bottom of the pyramid.   • The organisms which occupy the rest of the pyramid belong to the feeding levels indicated in each step.  • On average, each feeding level only contains 10% of the energy as the one below it, with the energy that is lost mostly being transformed to heat. 

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