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IPM for Sustainable Sugarcane Production in Florida

IPM for Sustainable Sugarcane Production in Florida. Gregg Nuessly Everglades REC-IFAS Belle Glade. 440,000 acres. IPM of Florida Sugarcane Insect Pests. Grouped by Plant Damage: Roots, Seed Pieces, Tillers Stalks Foliage. Insect Pests of Sugarcane Roots, Seed Pieces, Shoots.

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IPM for Sustainable Sugarcane Production in Florida

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  1. IPM for Sustainable Sugarcane Production in Florida Gregg Nuessly Everglades REC-IFAS Belle Glade

  2. 440,000 acres

  3. IPM of Florida Sugarcane Insect Pests Grouped by Plant Damage: Roots, Seed Pieces, Tillers Stalks Foliage

  4. Insect Pests of Sugarcane Roots, Seed Pieces, Shoots Sugarcane grub - root feeder Corn wireworm - root, shoot feeder Lesser cornstalk borer (LCB) - shoot feeder

  5. Sugarcane grub Root feeding causes - reduced vigor - lodging in storms - stool dislodging during harvest Larva Adult

  6. Corn wireworm Shoot and seed piece feeding causes - dead heart & stand loss Larva Adult

  7. Lesser cornstalk borer Shoot feeding causes - dead heart & stand loss Larvae Adults

  8. Lesser cornstalk borer damage Rows of holes Feeding tube Dead shoots New shoot

  9. IPM for Pests of Roots, Seed Pieces and Shoots *Cultural Control - Disking & cultivating - kills and exposes them to natural enemies - Flooding and rotation (Rice) - soil type, season & duration

  10. IPM for Pests of Roots, Seed Pieces and Shoots *Cultural Control - Weed control in fallow fields reduces Summer egg deposits by wireworm adults

  11. IPM for Pests of Roots, Seed Pieces and Shoots *Chemical Control - At plant treatment for grubs and wireworms directed into furrows when flooding or rice rotation is not possible - Post emergence for LCB

  12. Insect Pests of Sugarcane Stalks Sugarcane borer - leaves, mid to upper stalks West Indian sugarcane weevil - lower stalks

  13. Sugarcane borer Stalk feeding causes - breaking, microbial rot of stalk, reduced yield Larva Adult

  14. West Indian sugarcane weevil Stalk feeding causes broken stalks, microbial rot of stalks, increased rat damage, yield loss Larva Adult

  15. West Indian sugarcane weevil damage

  16. IPM for Pests of Stalks *Biological control - Cotesia flavipes, parasitoid of sugarcane borer released in 1960’s - Research by Dr. David Hall, U.S.Sugar Corp., led to culture and mass production of wasps

  17. Biological control of sugarcane borer Cotesia flavipes Adult Larvae

  18. IPM for Pests of Stalks *Economic threshold used to initiate treatments - Fields scouted for damage - Sugarcane borer larvae examined for parasitism - Cotesia wasps released in fields as needed to augment natural levels of parasitism

  19. IPM for Pests of Stalks *Host plant resistance - Breeding programs (public and private) select for clones resistant to insects and diseases - Some clones much more susceptible to stalk pests

  20. IPM for Pests of Stalks *Chemical control - Insecticides applied by air when late season damage is above threshold - Recent registration of selective material provides alternative that preserves natural enemy complex

  21. Insect Pests of Sugarcane Foliage Sucking insect pests - Yellow sugarcane aphid - White sugarcane aphid - Sugarcane lace bug Chewing insect pests - Armyworms - Cutworms

  22. Yellow sugarcane aphid

  23. Yellow sugarcane aphid Late season Early season Prolonged feeding leads to reduced stalk diameter and yield loss

  24. Yield loss from yellow sugarcane aphid

  25. White sugarcane aphid

  26. White sugarcane aphid Honeydew deposits and sooty mold fungus, but no losses

  27. Sugarcane lace bug Leaf feeding results in yellow and red discoloration, large populations can lead to premature leaf death

  28. IPM for Pests of Foliage Natural biological control agents often keep populations below damage threshold and respond to outbreaks - Ants (incl. red imported fire ants), earwigs, beetles, flower flies and spiders

  29. Aphid predators Doru taeniatum Diomus terminatus

  30. Aphid predators Olla v-nigrum Coelophora inaequalis Harmonia axyridis Hippodamia convergens Cycloneda sanguinea

  31. IPM for Pests of Foliage *Host plant resistance - Yellow sugarcane aphids colonize and damage only small subset of clones - Stage 3 clones now being evaluated for resistance

  32. IPM for Pests of Foliage *Chemical control Broad spectrum insecticides used as last resort to prevent or minimize losses from foliage pests

  33. Summary - Insect pests of roots, seed pieces, shoots & foliage - IPM in Sugarcane includes: cultural (incl. flooding & rotation), chemical and biological controls, scouting using treatment thresholds, breeding program for host plant resistance

  34. Summary - Natural and augmentative biological control agents important for maintaining insect populations under economic thresholds

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