Greek Citizenship & Sparta vs Athens

1. Greek Citizenship & Sparta vs Athens Who were allowed/denied citizenship in the Greek polis’ & Who were the Spartans and Athenians

2. Greek City-States • Polis is Greek for city • The Greek city-states were referred to as the polis

3. Citizenship in the polis • Citizenship was only available to free adult males • Equality did not exist in the polis • To become a citizen, free adult men had to provide 10 years of military service

4. I mean free-adult males* Members of the Polis • Citizens: free adult males • Given political rights (ability to vote) • Civic participation in the government was required • Free people: women, foreigners, and young males • No political rights • Slaves • No political rights

5. Introduction to Sparta • Sparta was a city-state in ancient Greece located along the Peloponnesian Peninsula • Sparta was ruled by an oligarchy (small elite group) • The oligarchy was comprised of military leaders

6. Spartan Society • Spartan society was militaristic and aggressive • They developed a rigid social structure with few rights for the lower classes • All Spartan men were involved in the military, thus manual labor (especially agriculture) were done by slaves (Helots) • Slaves vastly outnumbered the Spartans

7. Spartan military training • At age 7 boys were taken from their homes and entered a state-sponsored military training program, known as the Agoge • At age 20 they became full citizens and were required to stay in the military until age 60 • The Spartans fought in a phalanx formation • The formation was closed and tight • No one soldier was more important that the other http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/ancient-greece-democracy/videos/deconstructing-history-spartans?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/sparta/videos/spartan-boot-camp-killing-machines

8. Spartan women • Due to the mass amounts of slaves (Helots) Spartan women were freed of many domestic responsibilities • They were educated • Their main duties or obligation was to marry and birth Spartan males • In preparation for marriage they would shave their heads and upon marriage would keep their hair short

9. Introduction to Athens • Athens was a city-state in ancient Greece located along the Balkan Peninsula • Athens is the epitome of Greek culture and contributions • When people think of ancient Greece they typically think of Athenian culture • Athens was named after their patron goddess Athena

10. Athenian political evolution M A T D • Athens was renowned for their intellectual achievements and advancements politics • Athens went through several stages of government • Monarchy—ruled by a King/Queen of a royal family • Aristocracy—ruled by the upper-class • Tyranny—ruled by a strict absolute ruler • Democracy—ruled by the citizens

11. Athenian Tyrants/Reformers • Draco ruled Athens around 620 BCE • He established a harsh legal system, the first in uniform system of law in Athens • The convicted often received death • However, the accused had a right to a trial and were innocent until proven guilty

12. Athenian Tyrants/Reformers • Solon ruled Athens around 544 BCE • He modified the laws of Draco making them less severe • He freed the slaves in Athens and supported the rights of the lower classes • Democracy in Athens is often tied back to the rule of Solon

13. Athenian Democracy • Athens developed the world’s first democracy, which was a direct democracy • The people decide on the policies, laws, and political initiatives • The Athenians supported public debates and demanded that citizens participate in the political process • However, only 10-20% of the population were citizens that could participate

14. Athenian democracy • The stability of Athenian democracy allowed them to focus on academia and the arts • The Athenians are still celebrated for their architectural, literary, philosophical, and scientific achievements

15. Athenian forms of government timeline: Description: Description: Description: Description:

16. Athenian forms of government timeline: Monarchy Aristocracy Tyranny Democracy Description: Description: Description: Description: Harsh/cruel government controlled by an absolute ruler King or Queen of a royal family rules Rule rich upper-class people Rule by the people—people rule the government

17. Word Bank: • Direct Democracy - Ruled by an oligarchy - Militaristic and aggressive society - Fought using the phalanx formation • Public Debates - City-states in Greece - Harsh laws of Draco - Manual labor was done by the Helots • Rigid Social Structure - Solon’s legal reforms - Boys forced into military training - Significant intellectual and artistic achievements • Democratic Principles - Located on the Balkan Peninsula - Located on the Peloponnesian Peninsula - Access to the Mediterranean Sea Sparta Athens

18. Word Bank: • Direct Democracy - Ruled by an oligarchy - Militaristic and aggressive society - Fought using the phalanx formation • Public Debates - City-states in Greece - Harsh laws of Draco - Manual labor was done by the Helots • Rigid Social Structure - Solon’s legal reforms - Boys forced into military training - Significant intellectual and artistic achievements • Democratic Principles - Located on the Balkan Peninsula - Located on the Peloponnesian Peninsula - Access to the Mediterranean and Aegean Seas Sparta Athens - Rigid social structure - Direct democracy - Public debates - Ruled by an oligarchy - City-states in Greece - Militaristic and aggressive society - Democratic principles - Solon’s legal reforms - Boys forced into military training - Located on the Balkan Peninsula - Located on the Peloponnesian Peninsula - Access to the Mediterranean and Aegean Seas - Harsh laws of Draco - Fought using the phalanx formation - Significant intellectual and artistic achievements - Manual labor was done by the Helots