Let's Be Novakian : Constraining Task with Structural Mapping Software

1. Let's BeNovakian: Constraining Task with Structural Mapping Software Lawrie Hunter Kochi University of Technology http://www.core.kochi-tech.ac.jp/hunter/

2. Let's BeNovakian Action research

3. Let's BeNovakian Action research –means“still working on it”

4. Let's BeNovakian Action research –means“still working on it” or“no real data”

5. BACKGROUND:2 ‘PASSIONS’ HAWW How Academic Writing Works (Information strategy and readability) MAPPING Foundation Information Structures (Knowledge Structures)

6. BACKGROUND: 2 ‘PASSIONS’ 1. HAWW 2. MAPPING

7. BACKGROUND: 2 ‘PASSIONS’ 1. HAWW 2. MAPPING

8. Constructivist L2 learning task Open-ended and ‘expressive’ tasksfree the learner to use language that is immediately, personally relevant. “My favorite game.” “A day in my life.” “How I would reduce Japan’s CO2 emissions.”

9. Constructivist L2 learning task Open-ended and ‘expressive’ tasksfree the learner to use language that is immediately, personally relevant. BUT they also allow the learner to write freely in terms of -content -information structure and -rhetorical structure.

10. How can we present taskso as to forcecertain* language behaviors? *e.g. use of certain structures e.g. use of certain types of cohesion device e.g. use of certain register

11. How can we present taskso as to force certain language behaviors?Maybeinformation mapping systemsallow us to usefully presenttask content in a low-text manner.

12. Many information mapping systems Mind mapping Directed link maps Hunter’s info structure maps Horn’s argument mapping AusThink’s argument mapping Rationale argument mapping RST* maps *Rhetorical Structure Theory

13. Clarify this study’s purpose in terms of content: Aim of this design process: -to create tasks and devices that aid the TAW learner in perceiving information structures: -argument structure, -knowledge structure (following Mohan (1986) and Hunter (2002)) and -message type (central message, background information).

14. Clarify this study’s purpose in terms of form of language/information

15. Analyze map styles in terms of links

16. Analyze map styles in terms of links pine trees longevity

17. Analyze map styles in terms of links pine trees pine trees longevity longevity Spatial metaphor* in human graphics: “Down is specific, up is general” “Down is subordinate, up is superordinate” Metaphors We Live By by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson University of Chicago Press, 1980.

18. Analyze map styles in terms of links pine trees pine trees longevity longevity

19. Analyze map styles in terms of links pine trees longevity

20. Analyze map styles in terms of links pine trees pine trees longevity longevity

21. Analyze map styles in terms of links pine trees pine trees are a symbol of is symbolized by longevity longevity

22. Analyze map styles in terms of links pine trees pine trees symbol of characteristic of longevity longevity

23. Quantum levels of mapping Argument mapping Information structure mapping Syntactic mapping Grammatical mapping (pseudo) Association mapping

24. Tony Buzan’s mind mapping The links are all associations -i.e. zero granularity

25. Directed-link maps http://www.inspiration.com/

26. Directed-link Novakian* maps *maybe Novakian...

27. When is a map Novakian? “The basic Novakian concept map... usually starts with a general concept at the top of the map, and then works its way down ... to more specific concepts. Abrams, R. An Overview of Concept Mapping. In Meaningful Learning: A Collaborative Literature Review of Concept Mapping. Retrieved March 18, 2008 at http://www2.ucsc.edu/mlrg/clr-conceptmapping.html

28. When is a map Novakian? “The basic Novakian concept map... usually starts with a general concept at the top of the map, and then works its way down ... to more specific concepts. Concepts are placed in [boxes]... Abrams, R. An Overview of Concept Mapping. In Meaningful Learning: A Collaborative Literature Review of Concept Mapping. Retrieved March 18, 2008 at http://www2.ucsc.edu/mlrg/clr-conceptmapping.html

29. When is a map Novakian? “The basic Novakian concept map... usually starts with a general concept at the top of the map, and then works its way down ... to more specific concepts. Concepts are placed in [boxes]... Lines are drawn from a concept to a linking word to a concept. Abrams, R. An Overview of Concept Mapping. In Meaningful Learning: A Collaborative Literature Review of Concept Mapping. Retrieved March 18, 2008 at http://www2.ucsc.edu/mlrg/clr-conceptmapping.html

30. When is a map Novakian? “The basic Novakian concept map... usually starts with a general concept at the top of the map, and then works its way down ... to more specific concepts. Concepts are placed in [boxes]... Lines are drawn from a concept to a linking word to a concept. Sequences of concepts and linking words do not always form grammatically correct sentences.” Abrams, R. An Overview of Concept Mapping. In Meaningful Learning: A Collaborative Literature Review of Concept Mapping. Retrieved March 18, 2008 at http://www2.ucsc.edu/mlrg/clr-conceptmapping.html

31. When is a map Novakian? http://cmap.ihmc.us/

32. Many information mapping systems Mind mapping Directed link maps Hunter’s info structure maps Horn’s argument mapping AusThink’s argument mapping Rationale argument mapping RST* maps *Rhetorical Structure Theory

33. Novakian maps (Novak & Cañas, 2006) are type 3 maps, having textured link dyadic elements. Associational Directed link Textured directed link

34. Argument mapping Information structure mapping Syntactic mapping Grammatical mapping (pseudo) Association mapping Novakian maps (Novak & Cañas, 2006) can be used at any level of abstraction.

35. Novakian maps (Novak & Cañas, 2006) are type 3 maps, having textured link dyadic elements. The rules of operation for Novakian maps may be defined as: Rectangles (nodes) contain concepts. Rectangles are joined by labeled lines (propositions). Propositions are usually uni-directional. The label in the middle of a proposition is called a linking phrase.

36. < big Hunter’s info structure maps Classification Description Degree comparison Attribute comparison Contrast ! Sequence Cause-effect

37. Power generating systems General process: Boil a liquid Make steam Rotate turbines Generate electricity seawater heat fossil or N-heat boil NH3 boil H2O ! OTEC plants older type plants ! steam 20C steam 500C ! low power high power zero energy cost high energy cost hunter systems

38. Since 1998

39. Quantum levels of mapping Argument mapping Information structure mapping Syntactic mapping Grammatical mapping (pseudo) Association mapping

40. Argument mapping Information structure mapping Syntactic mapping Grammatical mapping (pseudo) Association mapping Argument mappingas an inroad to task constraint-an extreme case ofsummarizing-persuasive rhetoric filtered out

41. Important levels of mapping Argument mapping Information structure mapping

42. Horn’s argument mapping A pioneering effort at argument mapping Ad hoc approach (non Toulmin) Very restricted link relations: -is supported by -is disputed by http://www.stanford.edu/~rhorn/index.html

43. Horn’s argument mapping The Turing Test http://www.stanford.edu/~rhorn/index.html

44. AusThink argument mapping http://www.austhink.com/

45. AusThink argument mapping http://www.austhink.com/

46. Rationale argument mapping http://www.austhink.com/

47. RSTmapping Bill Mann’s Rhetorical Structure Theory (RST) uses various sorts of "building blocks" to describe texts. The principal block type deals with "nuclearity" and "relations" (often called coherence relations in the linguistic literature.) www.sil.org/~mannb/rst/

48. RSTmapping Bill Mann’s Rhetorical Structure Theory (RST) uses various sorts of "building blocks" to describe texts. The principal block type deals with "nuclearity" and "relations" (often called coherence relations in the linguistic literature.) www.sil.org/~mannb/rst/ RST links are rhetorical devices.

49. Cmap tools http://cmap.ihmc.us/

50. Cmap tools http://cmap.ihmc.us/ Novakian links are syntactic devices.