Understanding the Types of Toenail Fungus

1. Understanding the Types of Toenail Fungus Toenail fungus, also known as onychomycosis, is a common condition that affects millions of people worldwide. It typically begins as a small white or yellow spot under the tip of the toenail and can spread deeper into the nail if left untreated. This can lead to discoloration, thickening, and crumbling of the nail. There are several types of toenail fungus, each caused by different organisms and with varying symptoms and treatments. 1. Distal Subungual Onychomycosis This is the most common of all types of toenail fungus. It usually starts at the tip of the nail and works its way under the nail bed. Caused primarily by dermatophytes (a group of fungi), it leads to thickened, discolored nails that may become brittle and crumbly over time. It often affects the big toe and thrives in moist environments like sweaty shoes or communal showers. Symptoms: ● Yellow or white streaks on the nail ● Nail thickening ● Nail separating from the nail bed 2. White Superficial Onychomycosis Unlike other forms, this type of fungal infection affects the surface of the nail rather than underneath. It’s also caused by dermatophytes and tends to be more common in tropical or humid climates. Symptoms: ● White, powdery patches on the surface of the nail ● Nail becomes soft and crumbly ● May spread across the entire nail if untreated

2. 3. Proximal Subungual Onychomycosis This form is less common and tends to occur in people with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV or undergoing chemotherapy. The infection begins near the cuticle and grows outward, which makes it different from the more typical distal form. Symptoms: ● White or yellow spots near the base of the nail ● Nail thickening and separation from the nail bed ● Can be painful in severe cases 4. Candida Onychomycosis This type of nail fungus is caused by yeast (candida), rather than dermatophytes. It usually affects fingernails but can also appear on toenails, especially in people whose hands and feet are frequently in water. Symptoms: ● Swelling and redness around the nail ● Nail discoloration (white, yellow, or brown) ● Nail may detach from the nail bed 5. Total Dystrophic Onychomycosis This is the most advanced and severe form of nail fungus. It can be the result of long-standing fungal infection that has been untreated or improperly treated. In this stage, the nail is often completely destroyed. Symptoms: ● Complete nail thickening and crumbling ● Nail may fall off

3. ● Pain and inflammation in the surrounding tissue Risk Factors for Toenail Fungus Anyone can develop toenail fungus, but certain factors increase the risk: ● Age (more common in older adults) ● Sweaty feet or tight shoes ● Walking barefoot in public places (gyms, pools) ● Nail injuries ● Weakened immune system ● Poor circulation Final Thoughts Recognizing the types of toenail fungus is essential for early detection and effective treatment. While most cases can be managed with over-the-counter treatments or prescription antifungals, advanced cases may require more intensive care. Practicing good foot hygiene, keeping nails trimmed, and wearing breathable footwear can help prevent infection in the first place.