1. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH NEED FOR RESEARCH

2. WHAT IS RESEARCH? Research in common refers to a search for knowledge. A detailed and careful study of something to find out more information about it

3. WHAT IS RESEARCH? Research is an endeavour (effort) to discover answers to intellectual and practical problems through the application of scientific method

4. WHAT IS RESEARCH? Redman and Mory define research as a “systematized effort to gain new knowledge.”

5. WHAT IS RESEARCH? Research is defined as the creation of new knowledge and/or the use of existing knowledge in a new and creative way so as to generate new concepts, methodologies and understandings. This could include synthesis and analysis of previous research to the extent that it leads to new and creative outcomes

6. WHAT IS RESEARCH? According to Clifford Woody “research comprises defining and redefining problems, formulating hypothesis or suggested solutions; collecting, organising and evaluating data; making deductions and reaching conclusions; and at last carefully testing the conclusions to determine whether they fit the formulating hypothesis.

7. HYPOTHESIS An idea that is suggested as the possible explanation for something but has not yet been found to be true or correct

8. NEED OF RESEARCH The main need & purpose of research is to discover answers through the application of scientific procedures.

9. THE OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH 1. To gain familiarity with a phenomenon or to achieve new insights into it – Exploratory or Formulative Research. 2. To portray accurately the characteristics of a particular individual, situation or a group – Descriptive Research. 3. To determine the frequency with which something occurs or with which it is associated with something else – Diagnostic Research. 4. To test a hypothesis of a causal relationship between variables – Hypothesis- Testing Research.

10. MOTIVATION FOR RESEARCH What makes people to undertake research? This is a question of fundamental importance. To get a research degree with its consequential benefits To face a challenge of solving problems To get intellectual joy of doing creative work To be of service to society To get respectability

11. Sir Alexander Fleming Sir Alexander Fleming, a Scottish researcher, is credited with the discovery of penicillin in 1928. At the time, Fleming was experimenting with the influenza virus in the Laboratory of the Inoculation Department at St. Mary's Hospital in London.

12. Research of COVAXIN® COVAXIN® demonstrated 77.8% vaccine efficacy against symptomatic COVID-19 disease, through evaluation of 130 confirmed cases, with 24 observed in the vaccine group versus 106 in the placebo group. The efficacy against severe symptomatic COVID-19 disease is shown to be 93.4%.

13. MOTIVATION FOR RESEARCH What makes people to undertake research? This is a question of fundamental importance. To get a research degree with its consequential benefits To face a challenge of solving problems To get intellectual joy of doing creative work To be of service to society To get respectability

14. Basic Steps in the Research Process Step 1: Identify and develop your topic. Step 2 : Do a preliminary search for information Step 3: Locate materials Step 4: Evaluate your sources Step 5: Make notes Step 6: Write your paper Step 7: Cite your sources properly

16. What are the types of research? Quantitative Research. Qualitative Research. Descriptive Research. Analytical Research. Applied Research. Fundamental Research. Exploratory Research. Conclusive Research.

17. BENEFITS OF RESEARCH 1. Research expands your knowledge base. 2. Research gives you the latest information. 3. Research helps you know what you’re up against. 4. Research builds your credibility. (विश्‍वसनीयता) 5. Research helps you narrow your scope. 6. Research teaches you better judgement. 7. Research introduces you to new ideas.

18. SKILLS WE GAIN FROM RESEARCH? Report writing. Data collection. Analysis of information from different sources. Finding information off the internet. Critical thinking. Planning and scheduling. Interviewing. Critical analysis.

19. How does research improve our life? Research can find answers to things that are unknown, filling gaps in knowledge and changing the way that healthcare professionals work. Some of the common aims for conducting research studies are to: Diagnose diseases and health problems. Improve the quality of life for people living with illness.

20. How can research help students? There are numerous benefits for undergraduate students who get involved in research. Research experience allows undergraduate students 1. To better understand published works, 2. Learn to balance collaborative and individual work, 3. Determine an area of interest, 4. Jump start their careers as researchers.