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Bone Marrow Transplant: Types, Procedure, and Recovery

Bone marrow is a spongy, fatty tissue that is inside our bones. It creates red blood cells which carry oxygen and nutrients throughout the body and white blood cells, which fight infection, and platelets, which are responsible for the formation of clots.

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Bone Marrow Transplant: Types, Procedure, and Recovery

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  1. Bone Marrow Transplant  Types, Procedure, and Recovery

  2. Bone Marrow Transplant Bone marrow is a spongy, fatty tissue that is inside our bones. It creates red blood cells which carry oxygen and nutrients throughout the body and white blood cells, which fight infection, and platelets, which are responsible for the formation of clots.

  3. When Do We Need A Bone Marrow Transplant? Bone marrow transplants are required when a person’s marrow isn’t healthy enough to function properly. These conditions can occur from Immune Deficiencies, Congenital Neutropenia which causes recurring infections, a blood disorder that damages the nerves, Aplastic Anemia, Neuroblastoma, Sickle Cell Anemia, Plasma Cell Disorder, Thalassemia, Metabolism Errors, or Bone marrow cancers such as leukemia, myeloma, lymphoma. A bone marrow transplant is a medical procedure performed to replace the bone marrow that has been damaged or destroyed. This procedure involves transplanting blood stem cells, which travel to the bone marrow. Here, they produce new blood cells and promote the growth of new marrow. A bone marrow transplant replaces the damaged stem cells with healthy cells.

  4. What Are The Types Of Bone Marrow Transplant? Autologous Transplants - These involve the use of a person’s stem cells. It involves harvesting your cells before the beginning of any damaging therapies like chemotherapy or radiation. Following the treatment, your cells are returned to your body. This process can be adopted only if you have healthy bone marrow. Allogeneic Transplants - These involve the use of cells from a donor who must be a close genetic match. Either a compatible relative or genetic match found from a donor registry, can be used. However, these have a higher risk of certain complications. This can be fully matched or haploidentical (slightly mismatched) depending on the HLA matching.

  5. Preparation and Procedure Preparation for a Bone Marrow Transplant requires multiple tests to discover the type of bone marrow cells you need. You may also need to undergo radiation or chemotherapy to kill all cancer cells or marrow cells before you get the new stem cells. The Bone Marrow Transplant procedure commences only when your doctor thinks you’re ready. During an allogeneic transplant, bone marrow cells are harvested from your donor a day or two before the transplant while if your cells are being used, they’ll be retrieved from the stem-cell bank. During the bone marrow transplantation, a tube called a central venous catheter leads the healthy stem cells injected into your blood. This tube enables the healthy stem cells which are contained in the fluid to go directly to the heart. These healthy stem cells then spread in your body and then gradually form into the bone marrow.

  6. Recovery Post Treatment

  7. Bone marrow transplants take up to a week. During the treatment, your immune system will be weak. Therefore, you’ll need to stay in observation within the hospital. This reduces the risk of being exposed to anything that can cause infections. The state of your engraftment is closely and regularly monitored. It’s generally complete between 15 to 30 days after the initial transplant. The first sign of engraftment is a rising white blood cell count. This shows that the transplant is starting to make new blood cells. The recovery time for a bone marrow transplant is about three months. However, it may take up to a year for complete recovery.

  8. Risks Few short-lived risks of the transplant include a blood-pressure drop, a headache, nausea, pain, shortness of breath, chills, or fever. However, the severe complications involve a graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), in which the donor cells attack your body; graft failure occurs when transplanted cells don’t begin producing new cells as planned; bleeding in the lungs, brain, or other parts of the body, eye-cataracts damage to other vital organs, early menopause, anemia, mucositis or soreness in the mouth, throat, and stomach, severe bacterial or fungal or Viral infection which can be life-threatening at times One must maintain a healthy diet plan and stay hydrated at all times to avoid fatigue. Avoiding alcohol consumption and maintaining weight must be adopted to maintain a healthy recovery. At PSRI Hospital, we understand the misery of our patients and this is why we offer the best treatments to them. We are one of the best hospitals for bone marrow transplants in India where treatment is provided with care.

  9. With the help of our team of highly skilled and professional Oncologists & Hematologist, trained nurses, and hospital staff an multi-disciplinary team we are the best hospital for bone marrow transplants. Book an appointment to know more about bone marrow transplants. More Info Visit : https://bityl.co/AbmM Thank You

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