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The Rise of Empire

1689. 1775. The Rise of Empire. MAIN THEMES The impact of the changing technologies of war. How colonists who had enjoyed considerable freedom within the British Empire came to regard themselves as slaves of that empire.

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The Rise of Empire

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  1. 1689 1775 The Rise of Empire

  2. MAIN THEMES • The impact of the changing technologies of war. • How colonists who had enjoyed considerable freedom within the British Empire came to regard themselves as slaves of that empire. • Why, after a considerable period of laxness, England made sharp policy changes designed to significantly increase its control over the colonial economy. • How colonists who had generally prospered within the British Empire rose up in rebellion against that empire.

  3. The Struggle for the Continent • Moves Toward Empire   • Centralization of the Colonies • Albany Plan of Union • Amerindian Empires • New France and the Huron Nation • Creoles • Iroquois Confederacy   • Cherokee Nation

  4. Northeastern tribes, including the Huron, and the Iroquois “Five Nations Federation"

  5. MERCANTILISM THE IDEA THAT A NATION'S EXISTENCE DEPENDED ON POWER, AND POWER DEPENDED ON WEALTH. ECONOMY OF WEALTH: FINITE AMOUNT OF RESOURCES AND WEALTH IN WORLD THEORY OF TRADE: TRADE A NECESSARY EVIL / PURE TRADE IMMORAL MILITARY: NAVY MORE IMPORTANT THAN ARMY NAVIGATION ACTS: BEGINNING IN 1651. THESE ACTS WERE DESIGNED TO CONTROL TRADE WITH THE COLONIES IN THE INTEREST OF THE MOTHER COUNTRY. THE TRIANGLE TRADE ROUTES

  6. THE TRIANGLE TRADE ROUTES 1. COLONISTS TRADED THEIR PRODUCTS FOR SUGAR AND MOLASSES IN THE WEST INDIES. 2. SHIPS CARRIED SUGAR AND MOLASSES BACK TO THE COLONIES WHERE THEY WERE MADE INTO RUM. 3. SHIPS CARRIED RUM AND GUNS TO AFRICA. IN AFRICA THESE WERE EXCHANGED FOR SLAVES. 4. SLAVES WERE SHIPPED TO THE WEST INDIES OR TO THE COLONIES AS THIS FORM OF TRADE GREW.

  7. TYPES OF STATES COERCION: APPLICATION, THREATENED OR ACTUAL, THAT CAUSES LOSS OR DAMAGE TO PERSONS OR POSSESSIONS CAPITAL: ANY TANGIBLE MOBILE RESOURCES OR ENFORCEABLE CLAIMS ON THOSE RESOURCES. CAPITALIST: PEOPLE WHO SPECIALIZE IN THE ACCUMILATION, PURCHASE, AND SALE OF CAPITAL.

  8. GROWTH OF ARMIES 16001700 RUSSIA 35,000 170,000 DUTCH 20,000 100,000 ENGLAND 30,000 292,000 FRANCE 80,000 400,000

  9. ADVANCES IN THE TECHNOGIE OF WAR

  10. PERIOD FIREARMS Hand Gonne - circa 1400 The Flash Pan Matchlock - Mid 1400s Flintlock - circa 1612 Percussion Cap - 1805

  11. Hand Gonne - circa 1400 The Flash Pan

  12. Matchlock - Mid 1400s

  13. Flintlock - circa 1612 Percussion Cap - 1805

  14. The Three Great Fortresses of North America

  15. 1689-1697: WAR OF THE LEAGUE OF AUGSBURG KING WILLIAM’S WAR Woodland Warrior Louis XIV

  16. 1702-1713: WAR OF THE SPANISH SUCCESSION / QUEEN ANN’S WAR Attempt to Exterminate Spanish Missions by South Carolina Governor James Morris in 1702-04

  17. 1744-1748: WAR OF THE AUSTRIAN SUCCESSION / KING GEORGES’ WAR “WAR OF JENKIN’S EAR” The Castillo de San Marcos, built 1672-1695,

  18. 1745 The first siege of Louisbourg. It is captured by the New Englanders

  19. 1756-1763: THE GREAT WAR FOR EMPIRE

  20. Massacre at Fort William Henry

  21. The Great War for the Empire

  22. The New Imperialism • Burdens of Empire • George III  • War Debt • New Realities of Taxation

  23. The British and the Tribes • Proclamation Line of 1763

  24. THE GREAT AWAKENING (1734-1740) • Evangelism  • Pre-Denominational • Role of Women • Role of Lower Classes • Old Lights / New Lights Jonathan Edwards John Wesley • George Whitefield

  25. THE GREAT AWAKENING (1734-1740) John Wesley (1703-1791) Jacob Arminius (1560-1609) The Three ArminianMethods of Methodist Society: * Do no harm, avoid evil of every kind, * Do good of every possible sort, * Attend upon all the ordinances of God

  26. THE GREAT AWAKENING (1734-1740) Jonathon Edwards (1703-1758) “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” (1741)

  27. The Enlightenment • European science • European intellectualism • Undermining of traditional authority  • Literacy and Technology • Almanacs  • Printing Presses • Education • Community based education • Early Colleges • Secularism Ben Franklin

  28. Secular Calvinism: “The Weber Thesis” Max Weber 1864-1920 The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (1920)

  29. CHRISTIAN VS ENLIGHTENMENT IDEALS CHRISTIAN ENLIGHTENMENT

  30. Natural Law Theory ARISTOTLE (384-322 BCE): Laws obtained by reason by examination of the material world. AUGUSTINE (354-530): Unjust Law is not law at all. THOMAS AQUINAS (1224-1274): Morality as Natural Law JOHN CALVIN (1541): Human depravity and God’s hand in the World HUGO GROTIUS (1583-1645): Law of Nations *THOMAS HOBBES (1588-1679): State of War JOHN LOCKE (1632-1704): Natural Right of Property JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU (1712-1778): The General Will

  31. The Development of Empire   • The Dominion of New England • Charles II • James II • Edmund Andros

  32. The Development of Empire   •  Toleration Act of 1649 • The Glorious Revolution of 1688

  33. TIMELINE: THE REVOLTING EIGHTEENTH CENTURY 1715 / 1745 – Jacobite Revolts 1715 - Yamasee War 1729 - Natchez War 1737 - Stono Rebellion 1759-1761 – Cherokee war 1764 – Pontiac’s Rebellion 1775-1783 – American Revolution

  34. THE PHILOSPHY OF REVOLT  CLASSICAL LIBERALISM VS CLASSICAL REPUBLICANISM ----------------------------------------------------- INDIVIDUAL VS COMMUNITY PERSONAL LIBERTY VS COMMON GOOD ASPIRATION VS PRACTICAL WISDON

  35. JohnLocke (1632-1704). • CLASSICAL LIBERALISM • THE MODERN FAITH IN FREE INQUIRY, NATURAL RIGHTS, ECONOMIC LIBERTY, AND DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT. Nicolo Machiavelli (1469-1527) • CLASSICAL REPUBLICANISM • ORNATE ARISTOCRATIC, PRISCRIPTIVE, • ACD CONCERNED WITH THE COMMON GOOD

  36. Stirrings of Revolt • The Sugar Act, 1764 • The Currency Act, 1764 • The Stamp Act Crisis, 1765 • The Townshend Program •  Quartering Act, 1765 • Townshend Duties, 1767 • The Boston Massacre, 1770  • Samuel Adams 

  37. Lexington and Concord  

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