Drilling Machines- Their types, features and Characteristics

1. DRILLING

2. Drilling is the process of cutting a hole in any solid material. There are many machines with which you can drill a hole in your work-piece. It is one of the most common machine cutting processes, and drilling mostly involves in the creation of holes which are cylindrical in shape. Drilling can be done on various materials. You can drill on metals, wood and various other materials. People even drill the ground for various purposes.

3. Drilling Characteristics Some of the characteristics of drilling which sets it apart from most of the other metal cutting processes are: • The chips of the material in which the drilling is made exits out of the hole which creates the cutting. As the chips exit from the hole which creates the cut, it might cause some problem if the chips are huge. • You need to have a constant grip on the drilling machine otherwise it could wander around. • You might want a coolant if you are drilling a deep hole.

4. Selecting the drill: • To get your job done right, you need to right kind of drill to put a hole in your work-piece. Some of the things you need to keep in mind before drilling are the material you are going to drill, the size of the material and the size of the hole which you want to make in your work-piece. • You need to make sure that your drill is free if any kind of bruises or dirt stuck to it. Before you drill, you need to check if the outer edges and chisel point are sharp as those are the points which get worn out quite easily. If you feel that the twist drill has been worn out, you need to replace the drill.

5. Spot Drilling: Spot Drilling is when you need a guide hole to help you drill the final hole. You only drill halfway through them, and this will help you drill the other half of your work-piece. Deep hole Drilling: A deep hole drilling is when you happen to drill a hole where the depth of the hole is more than ten times its diameter. Since the depth of the hole is huge, you might not want to damage the underlying material of the work-piece, and thus you will have to use a different drill to make deep holes. Oil Drilling: Drilling is not only done on metals or wood, but it is also done of the ground for various purposes. Drilling on the ground can be done for construction purposes, and it can be done on the seabed to extract oil. We are in constant need of oil products to run various, and thus we find ways to extract oil products in every possible way. But in the process of oil drilling, the environment is affected deeply, and many marine lives are getting destroyed.

7. Types of Drill and Drilling Operations • Drilling is one of the most common machining processes, but it is also one of the most complex machining processes. Drilling involves operations where you make round holes in your work-pieces. The work-pieces are mostly metal, but it is done on other materials too. The drilling works in a way where the chips which are drilled exit through the flutes to the outside of the drilling tool. When you are drilling through a material, friction and heat are created, and thus you need to make sure that you are providing more importance to chip disposal and the cutting fluids. • Before you start drilling a work-piece, you must make sure that you know what your end product is going to be. Only when you know about the operation you are performing you will be able to buy the right kind of equipment and start your work.

8. Auger Drilling: Auger Drilling uses a helical screw where the screw is placed on the ground, and then it is rotated. The blade of the drill screws the ground and creates a hole. Auger Drill is mostly used for places where there are weathered rocks and unconsolidated materials. The drilling is usually very fast, and it is a cheap method of drilling. Step Drill: Step drills are done when there is a requirement where you will have to make two or more holes with a different diameter. By using a single bit, you will be able to create holes with a different diameter. Step drills are mostly used to drill materials which are very thin.

10. Core Drill: The core drill is a cylindrical drill which is used to make holes in a work-piece. The tip of the drill is usually coated with a diamond so that it will be able to easily penetrate through the material in which you want to make the hole. The core drill is usually used to extract a sample of the material. The centre of the drill is made hollow so that it will be able to collect the sample of the material. The sample which is collected from core drilling is called core sample. • Spot Drill: Spot Drill is used when you want to make an accurate hole in your work-piece. The main purpose of using a spot drill is so that you can accurately drill the hole in the size you want. Most of the spot drills are quite rigid, and you will not have to worry about any deflect while you are drilling.

11. Spade Drill: Spade drill is used to drill large holes very quickly. If you want to make a large hole without damaging the underlying material you need to use spade drill. With spade drill, you can easily create large holes in no time.

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