Electrical Power Generation
Electrical Power Generation
Electrical Power Generation
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Presentation Transcript
Electrical Power Generation
Electricity Production Thermo- electrical power plant Natural Gas Coal power plant Vapour Turbine Electrical Generator Natural coal Pounder coal Vapour Generator Geo-thermal power plant Underground vapour Nuclear power plant Nuclear Reactor Transformer Sub-station Nuclear energy Hydro Electric power plant Hydro power plant River dam Industry and City Transmission tower
Electricity Production Nuclear Power plant
Electricity Production Nuclear Power plant
2022, Pulitzer price: Bearing witness to history, Power plant Tianjin, China
Electricity Production Biomass Power plant
Electricity Production Natural gas Power plant
Electricity Production Wind-farm Power plant
Electricity Production Solar Power plant
Electricity Production Solar Power plant
Electricity Production Dry steam Power plant
Electricity Production Geo-thermal Power plant
Electricity Production Tidal Power plant
Electricity Production Hidro-electric Power plant
Overview • Hydraulic Turbines (water wheels) have been in use for centuries. • Hydraulic Turbines convert the potential energy of water into work. • Basic Turbines are either Reaction or Impulse. • First developed in the mid 1800’s. • Power outputs range up to 1,000 Mw. • Included are Tidal and Wind Turbines.
Background Water power has a long history. Until the early twentieth century, water powered mills ground grain into flour, sawed lumber and performed numerous other tasks. Such direct usage is now rare, and most water power is used to generate a convenient secondary energy source, electricity.
Background Hydro power is available by creating dams in stream and river flows. Hydro power generation is an established technology and maybe as much as one fifth of the world's electricity is generated this way, which is slightly more than by nuclear generation.
Hydroelectric Distribution Electrical Distribution Turbine Transformer Station Main Station Dam Consumer Distribution
Hydroelectric turbine and generator In electricity generation, an electrical generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy, generally using electromagnetic induction. The source of mechanical energy may be a reciprocating or turbine steam engine, water falling through a turbine or waterwheel, an internal combustion engine, a wind turbine, a hand crank, compressed air or any other source of mechanical energy.
Advantages Economics The major advantage of hydroelectricity is elimination of the cost of fuel. The cost of operating a hydroelectric plant is nearly immune to increases in the cost of fossil fuels. Where a dam serves multiple purposes, a hydroelectric plant may be added with relatively low construction cost, providing a useful revenue stream to offset the costs of dam operation.
Advantages Related activities Since hydroelectric dams do not burn fossil fuels, they do not directly produce carbon dioxide (a greenhouse gas). While some carbon dioxide is produced during manufacture and construction of the project, this is a tiny fraction of the operating emissions of equivalent fossil- fuel electricity generation. Reservoirs created by hydroelectric schemes often provide facilities for water sports, and become tourist attractions in themselves. In some countries, farming fish in the reservoirs is common. Multi-use dams installed for irrigation can support the fish farm with relatively constant water supply.
Disadvantages Environmental damage, Population relocation Hydroelectric projects can be disruptive to surrounding aquatic ecosystems. For instance, studies have shown that dams along the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of North America have reduced salmon populations by preventing access to spawning grounds upstream, even though most dams in salmon habitat have fish ladders installed. Another disadvantage of hydroelectric dams is the need to relocate the people living where the reservoirs are planned. In many cases, no amount of compensation can replace ancestral and cultural attachments to places that have spiritual value to the displaced population. Such problems have arisen at the Three Gorges Dam project in China.
Disadvantages Dam failures Failures of large dams, while rare, are potentially serious - the Banqiao Dam failure in Southern China resulted in the deaths of 171,000 people and left millions homeless. Dams may be subject to enemy bombardment during wartime, sabotage and terrorism. Smaller dams and micro hydro facilities are less vulnerable to these threats.
Hydroelectric Generation by Country Billion kilowatt-hours Source: EIA
Hydroelectric Generation by Country Source: Hydroelectricity - wikiwand
Types of turbines Power (w)
Types of turbines Hydraulic Turbine – Kaplan - Reaction Propeller Bulb
Types of turbines Hydraulic Turbine – Francis - Reaction Volute Runner Configuration
Types of turbines Hydraulic Turbine – Pelton - Impulse
Types of turbines Hydraulic Turbine – Turgo - Reaction
Types of turbines Hydraulic Turbine – Cross-flow - Impulse
Electricity transmission Electricity by definition is electric current that is used as a power source! This electric current is generated in a power plant, and then sent out over a power grid to your homes, and ultimately to your power outlets.
Step-down transformer L1 L2 L3
F1 F2 F3 N 110V 1 Phase power 2 Phase power 3 Phase power 220V 3F 2F F1 F2 F3 N
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