Microbial Resistance: Understanding the Rising Global Health Challenge

1. T?e Type? of Microbial Re?i?ta?ce | Healt? Care Blog "The public will demand [the drug and] then will begin an era of abuses" - Sir Alexander Fleming (1945) Penicillin introduced a new paradigm to modern medicine. Since then, various antibiotics have been introduced in the market to save lives. However, the father of antibiotics had premeditated the emerging crisis as early as 1945. His prediction was first observed as an after-effect of World War II in soldiers. Shortly after that, penicillin resistance turned into a substantial clinical problem. Nevertheless, newer antibiotics were developed to restore human lives. Yet, the cases of resistance have been witnessed with nearly every antibiotic developed.

2. A?ti?icrobial Re?i?ta?ce - T?e Bigger Picture The newly evolved drug-resistant pathogens continue to threaten the healthcare system to treat even common infections. Furthermore, the failure of existing antimicrobials to treat multi- and pan-resistant bacteria sets an alarming stage for the entire world. The World Health Organization has created a priority pathogen list for which antibiotics are to be developed. Unfortunately, the development is at a halt. The dried antimicrobial pipeline and lack of access to quality antimicrobials create a huge concern for society. With limited resources and resistance at stake, antibiotics are abruptly becoming ineffective to treat infections and death. The only way to avert this crisis is by ceasing antibiotic exploitation. Re?i?ta?t Survival Treat?e?t Failure A?tibiotic U?e Re?i?ta?t Proliferatio? Selectio? Pre??ure

3. A?tibiotic? Exploitatio? - I?proper K?owledge "When in doubt, take antibiotics." The collective efforts of government, healthcare professionals, and industry experts can help people understand the proper use of antibiotics. Of late, antibiotics are prescribed to supplement the prescription regime or people self-administer to feel better. Antibiotics have instead turned into the nectar of life. W?e? A?tibiotic? Work W?e? A?tibiotic? Do?'t Work Bacterial infections Colds Strep throat Flu Certain ear infections Bronchitis Some sinus infections (bacterial) Viral coughs Viral ear infections Viral sinus infections Stomach flu A bacterium resists an antibiotic when it has changed in some way. The changes are done to either protect from the antibiotic or neutralize it. Any bacteria surviving an antibiotic treatment can reproduce and pass on its resistant properties to others. Surprisingly, some bacteria can even pass over their medication-resistant properties to other bacteria, which eventually creates an entire population of drug-resistant strains.

4. A?tibiotic? i? Meat Far?i?g The use of antibiotics is not restricted to humans. It is also employed in livestock farming to treat animal diseases or promote growth. The service, type, and mode of action of antibiotics used in agriculture or veterinary practice are more or less the same as prescribed to humans. Using antibiotics in animal feed for growth promotion, maintaining a healthy state of animals, increasing productivity, and raising income for farmers creates an indirect pathway for antibiotic resistance. A?tibiotic U?e i? A?i?al? Re?i?ta?t Bacteria Develop?e?t Antibiotics administered for disease treatment and growth promotion Bacteria in animals develop resistance to antibiotics Food C?ai? Tra??fer Hu?a? I?fectio?? Resistant bacteria transfer to humans through meat products Clinical infections and colonization in humans Evidence of antibiotic use in food animals resulting in antibiotic resistance in humans is not new. Antibiotic- resistant bacteria of animal origin have been observed in the environment surrounding livestock farming operations, meat products in retail food stores and pose the leading cause of clinical infections and subclinical colonization in humans.

5. A?tibiotic? i? Dairy Far?i?g As stated earlier, the widespread use of antibiotics can treat animals or preserve their wellbeing. However, the use of antibiotics in treating mastitis has opened doors to a whole new issue. Treatment of mastitis with antibiotics leaves traces of the medication in the milk. Nationwide surveys observed penicillin as the primary antibiotic in the central milk supply. Ten surveys were covering a 9-yr. Period (before 1960) in which 7,201 samples were tested, found 377 (5.2%) to be positive for the presence of antibiotics. This resulted in regulatory and dairy personnel testing methods, which significantly reduced adulterated antibiotic milk. Positive Samples Negative Samples The data extracted on intramammary infusions, intramuscular injections, and oral administration of antibiotics and their vehicles depict a wide variation in the relative persistence of the number of antibiotics found in milk. This differs widely in the milk from cows from early-, mid-, and late-lactation. Antibiotic presence in milk samples (historical data) Currently, antibiotics in milk constitute an adulteration under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act.

6. A?tibiotic? i? Agriculture "That beautiful cauliflower in your refrigerator probably contains more antibiotics than you think." Antibiotics are also instrumental in controlling bacterial diseases of high-value fruits, ornamental plants, and vegetables. These are also used to enhance the quality of fruits and vegetables to increase revenue. The most commonly used antibiotics used for plants are streptomycin and oxytetracycline. Streptomycin-resistance genes in plant-associated bacteria are similar to those found in bacteria isolated from humans, animals, and soil. Co??o? Agricultural A?tibiotic? Agricultural U?e? Re?i?ta?ce Co?cer?? Control bacterial diseases Similar resistance genes across species Streptomycin Enhance fruit/vegetable quality Oxytetracycline Transfer between plant and human bacteria Increase crop revenue

7. Co?clu?io? Antibiotics are everywhere, right from your pillbox to the food on your table. This gives us an indication of how antibiotics are being exploited by people all over the world. Antimicrobial resistance is not new, and it is slowly proving to be a challenge for society. With this, the treatment of even common infections is also becoming harder. WHO has been playing an instrumental part in letting people understand the profundity of the situation. Furthermore, it is our responsibility to preserve the fewer antibiotics that we are left with. Medical U?e Live?tock Proper prescription and usage of antibiotics for bacterial infections Responsible antibiotic use in meat and dairy farming only Agriculture Educatio? Limited application in crop production and plant disease management Public awareness about proper antibiotic use and resistance risks

8. Refere?ce? 1. WHO news-room 2013, https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antimicrobial-resistance 2. The Antibiotic Resistance Crisis, Part 1: Causes and Threats, C. Lee Ventola, MS, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4378521/ 3. Antibiotics: Are you misusing them?, Mayoclinic, https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/consumer- health/in-depth/antibiotics/art-20045720 4. Antibiotic Use in Agriculture and Its Consequential Resistance in Environmental Sources: Potential Public Health Implications, Christy Manyi-Loh, Sampson Mamphweli, Edson Meyer, and Anthony Okoh, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6017557/ 5. A Review of Antibiotic Use in Food Animals: Perspective, Policy, and Potential, Timothy F. Landers, RN, CNP, PhD, Bevin Cohen, MPH, Thomas E. Wittum, MS, PhD and Elaine L. Larson, RN, PhD, FAAN, CIC, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3234384/ 6. J.L. Albright, S.L. Tuckey, G.T. Woods, Antibiotics in Milk4A Review1 7. FoodPrint, Antibiotics in Our Food: What You Should Know

9. Late?t Po?t? fro? Ve?u? Re?edie? Ca?cer Care ? C?e?ot?erapy A?tibiotic Ma?ufacturi?g Venus Remedies Ltd: Leading Indian Pharma in Global Cancer Care Top, Best and Leading cefotaxime injection manufacturers in india Trusted Chemotherapy drugs in India | Indian firms | Venus The Rising Demand for Aztreonam: How Top Manufacturers in India Are Shaping the Future Top, Best, Leading Aztreonam manufacturer in india Co?pa?y I??ig?t? I?du?try Tre?d? Inside Venus Remedies: Certifications, Trials, and Transparency Exploring the Future of Personalized Medicine in Pharma Collaborating for Better Care: Venus Remedies at CPhI 2025 Fact Check: How to Spot Fake News About the Pharma Industry Top, Best, and Leading Pharmaceutical company in Pithampur

10. About Ve?u? Re?edie? Li?ited Venus Remedies Limited is a leading pharmaceutical company specializing in research-based products, generic products, and global distribution networks. The company is committed to addressing critical healthcare challenges including antimicrobial resistance through innovative research and responsible practices. Our Pre?e?ce International Business World Offices Social Re?po??ibility CSR Environment Management Venus Remedies is dedicated to developing solutions for antimicrobial resistance and providing high-quality pharmaceutical products globally. Plea Operation Safety Venus Army Contact Us Careers