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Drug Discovery Services for SARS-CoV-2

Discovery and development of antiviral medications are paramount for defense against new pathogens and old ones to evade current therapeutic agents. With the ongoing outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 (novel coronavirus), scientists have spent considerable efforts and dedication to helping identify antiviral products that could potentially cure, or eradicate this infectious virus. As a leader in drug discovery, Creative Biolabs is also driven to provide antiviral drug discovery services to help screen and identify effective antiviral drugs.<br><br>https://sars-cov-2.creative-biolabs.com/drug-discovery-services-

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Drug Discovery Services for SARS-CoV-2

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  1. SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines

  2. Contents SARS-CoV-2 Introduction SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines Introduction Creative Biolabs’ Services SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Pipeline

  3. Coronavirus Spike Protein M Protein RNA In Vitro Coronavirus Infection Body 1. The virus uses its surface spike protein to lock onto ACE2 receptors on the surface of human cells. Once inside, these cells translate the virus’s RNA to produce more viruses. Virus enters the body ACE2 Receptor Human cell 2. Virus enters a cell 4. Virus assembly Viral RNA translated into proteins Vesicle SARS-CoV-2 Introduction - Virus Infection 3. Virus fuses with vesicle and its RNA is released 5. Virus release

  4. SARS-CoV-2 Introduction - Immune Response Immune response Specialized antigen-presenting cells engulf the virus and display portions of it to activate T-helper cells. Virus ingested by antigen- presenting cell (APC) T-helper cells enable other immune responses: B cells make antibodies that can block the virus from infecting cells, as well as mark the virus for destruction. Cytotoxic T cells identify and destroy virus-infected cells. T-helper Cell Viral Peptide MHCⅡ Cytotoxic T cell B Cell Anti-coronavirus Antibody Destroy infected cells Long-lived memory B and T cells that recognize the virus can protect the body for months or years, providing immunity. Memory Cells

  5. SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines Introduction - Vaccine Development R&D R&D Platform choice Design 1-5 target CLINICAL CLINICAL Phase Ⅱ Phase Ⅱ Ø Safety Ø Efficacy Prep small batches LOGISTICS LOGISTICS Manufacturing capabilities Phase Ⅲ Phase Ⅲ Ø Efficacy Ø Protection COVID-19 PhaseⅠ PhaseⅠ Ø Safety 0 Idea vaccine Idea vaccine Ø Billions of doses Ø Elicits effective， long-lasting immunity distribution Storage Supply chain In vitro testing Neutralizing Abs, robust and appropriate T-cell activation and cytokines, SARS-Cov-2 viral killing in challenge studies, protection from COVID symptoms. Scale up Worldwide Targeting selection Preclinical testing in vitro in cell culture and in vivo in animals Side-effects Ø Reaction site/systemic Aes Ø ADE, ADCC, CDC, VAERD Lack of efficacy Ø Minimal/no protection E.g. proper Spike trimer formation, folding and glycan structure (Protein), generation of neutralizing Abs, excellent expression (DNA, RNA), Efficient cell transduction (Viral vector), etc. Target validation Ø SARS-CoV-2 infection assays Vero cells Ø Positive T-cell response

  6. SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines Introduction - Vaccine Types Virus Viral Vector Nucleic Acid Protein-based Inactivated Replicating Protein subunit DNA Non-replicating Weakened RNA Virus-like particles Virus Viral Vector All vaccines aim to expose the body to an antigen that won’t cause disease, but will provoke an immune response that can block or kill the virus if a person becomes infected. There are at least eight types being developed against the coronavirus, and they are based on different viruses or viral parts. Nucleic Acid Protein-based Others 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Number of vaccines in development

  7. Inactivated Virus Weakened Virus Vaccine or Coronavirus Peptide Cell Immune Respons e SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines Introduction - Virus Vaccines Virus Replicates Antigen-presenting Cell

  8. Non-replicating Viral Replicating Viral Vector Coronavirus Spike Gene Coronavirus Spike Gene Vaccine Vaccine or Viral Genes Viral Genes (some inactive) Coronavirus Spike Peptide Replicating Viral Vector (such as Weakened Measles) Non-replicating Viral Vector (such as Adenovirus) Cell Immune Response SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines Introduction - Viral Vector Vaccines Virus Replicates Antigen-presenting Cell

  9. RNA Vaccine DNA Vaccine SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines Introduction - Nucleic Acid Vaccines Coronavirus Spike Gene Electroporation RNA is often encased in a lipid coat so it can enter cells A process called electroporation creates pores in membranes to increase uptake of DNA into a cell. DNA RNA Coronavirus Spike Peptide Immune Response Cell RNA- and DNA-based vaccines are safe and easy to develop. The production only involves making genetic material, not the virus. But this method is unproven since no licensed vaccines use this technology. Viral Proteins Nucleus mRNA

  10. VLP SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines Introduction - Protein-based Vaccines Coronavirus Peptide Immune Response Spike protein M protein Coronavirus Peptide Immune Response Virus-like Particles Protein Subunits

  11. Advantages/Disadvantages of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines Virus Vaccine Protein-based Vaccine Viral Vector Vaccine Nucleic Acid Vaccine Advantages Advantages Advantages Advantages Direct immune response No adjuvant required No need to purify antigen protein Without adjuvant Strong security Strong immune response Good stability Security and easy development Simple ingredients Easy quality control Disadvantages Disadvantages Disadvantages Disadvantages High storage conditions Effectiveness and risk are not balanced Need adjuvant Need multiple injections Long development cycle Weaken vaccine effectiveness High transportation and storage requirements Low cost Unknown side effects

  12. Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ RR Note: 199 199 vaccines are in development development 19 19 vaccines are in clinical clinical testing testing SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Pipeline https://www.covid-19vaccinetracker.org/

  13. Creative Biolabs’ Services • In Silico Vaccine Design for SARS-CoV- • 2 Live Attenuated and Killed Vaccine Development Services for SARS-CoV-2 • Recombinant Subunit Vaccine Development Services for SARS-CoV-2 • mRNA Vaccine Development Services for SARS-CoV-2 • Modified Vaccinia Virus Vectored Vaccine Development Services for SARS- • CoV-2 Virus-Like Particles Based Vaccine Development Services for SARS-CoV-2 • Formulation Optimization Platform for SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine • Analysis & Qualification Service for SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine

  14. Creative Biolabs’ Services In Vitro Diagnostic (IVD) Development • Antibody & Immunoassay Development Services • Molecular Diagnostic Assay Development Services • SARS-CoV-2 Related Detection Kits Drug Discovery Services • Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Drug Discovery • SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Discovery • SARS-CoV-2 Preclinical Research

  15. Web: www.creative-biolabs.com Phone: 1-631-466-5530 Email: info@creative-biolabs.com Address: 45-1 Ramsey Road, Shirley, NY 11967, USA

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