AD_Simulator_pdf_ARTEMIS

1. Introduction to BEST Air Battle Management Simulation

2. Commercial-in-Confidence Royal Navy School of Fighter Control RNAS Yeovilton, UK. 2

3. Commercial-in-Confidence Hardware and Software COTS Hardware Custom Software Flexible Configurable Upgradeable Scalable Standard BEST Controller Workstation Configuration 3

4. Commercial-in-Confidence Data Preparation Fully Customisable by End User Add, edit and delete Aircraft Performance data Add, edit and delete Radar Source data Primary Radar Secondary Radar Define Radar Blanking/Fade Areas Define Radar Detection probability for different Target sizes 4

5. Commercial-in-Confidence Radar Fade Area Editor 5

6. Commercial-in-Confidence Probability of Detection Applies to Primary Radar only Applied using the Wake Turbulence Category Probability is a percentage of the radar’s range AMC % MSC % 0% - 100% 6

7. Commercial-in-Confidence Aircraft Performance Data 7

8. Commercial-in-Confidence BEST ABM Functionality Flexible training for Air Battle Managers Basic Intercept Control technique Transition to War scenarios Training can be conducted on standard Radar Displays or on a Recognised Air Picture (RAP) display Train Tactical Control and Close Control techniques 8

9. Commercial-in-Confidence Fighter Aircraft configuration Airborne Intercept Radars Uniquely customisable; either per aircraft type or per aircraft callsign Airborne Weapons Active Missiles Semi-Active Missiles Heat Seeking Missiles Guns 9

10. Commercial-in-Confidence Semi-Autonomous Forces Avoid Mission Flies route to target and avoids non-SAF aircraft Engage Mission Flies route to target and engages all non-SAF aircraft detected Aggressive Mission Flies route to target but only engages non-SAF aircraft that are in its way 10

11. Commercial-in-Confidence Engage SAF Behaviour SAF which are defined as having ‘Engage’ behaviour represent ‘enemy’ fighter aircraft Where one of the SAF aircraft detects hostile targets using its on board radar or detects the radar of an hostile aircraft, the SAF will ‘engage’ the hostile aircraft SAF aircraft do have the capability of ‘shooting down’ friendly fighters 11

12. Commercial-in-Confidence Aggressive SAF Behaviour SAF which are defined as having ‘Aggressive’ behaviour represent ‘enemy’ fighter/bomber aircraft Aggressive SAF aircraft will not deviate from the route of flight, except to evade incoming missiles Aggressive SAF aircraft which are equipped with weapons will return fire if a hostile fighter strays within weapon release range for any of the on-board weapons 12

13. Commercial-in-Confidence Avoid SAF Behaviour SAF which are defined as having ‘Avoid’ behaviour represent ‘enemy’ bomber aircraft Where a SAF defined as having avoid behaviour detects hostile fighters the SAF will turn away from the detected threat by a defined angle If by continuing on the new track, the SAF evade the threat, the SAF will turn back on track If at any time while evading a threat, the SAF becomes unable to reach the target at the specified time (no matter how fast it flies) the SAF will turn direct to the ‘return to base’ fix and will route from there to the destination 13

14. Commercial-in-Confidence Aircraft Formations Inner Group Formations Line Astern Line Abreast Echelon Port Echelon Starboard V Container Stinger Outer Group Formations Wall Ladder Echelon Port Echelon Starboard Vic Box Champagne 14

15. Commercial-in-Confidence Combat Air Patrol (CAP) BEST supports fighter aircraft in a CAP Where a formation of fighters enter a CAP, the fighters will ‘separate’ themselves in the hold such that there are two groups of fighters at opposite points in the hold. Where there are more than two fighters in a CAP, the fighters will split into two groups where each aircraft within each group will formate outside each other in echelon formation If a fighter is allocated a target whilst in CAP, the fighter will remain in the CAP until the target comes within a defined angular arc from the CAP 15

16. Commercial-in-Confidence Automated Fighter Missions Identification Engage Refuel Shadow Return to Base 16

17. Commercial-in-Confidence Fighter Missions - ID ID mission is a request for the aircraft to visually identify the target Fighter(s) will set course towards the target and when within a defined visual range the pseudo pilot will be prompted with the type of the aircraft target(s) The default ‘in flight visibility’ is 10 miles, but this can be adjusted by the End User After successful identification, pseudo pilot will retain the target as allocated to ease the selection of the ‘Engage’ mission should the controller so instruct 17

18. Commercial-in-Confidence Shadow Mission Once ID mission is complete, the “Shadow” mission becomes available When selected, the fighter will shadow the target, changing heading as required The Separation button can be used to change the distance between the aircraft Default separation is 1nm To stop shadowing, change mission 18

19. Commercial-in-Confidence Fighter Missions - Engage The Engage mission gives the fighter(s) permission to engage the allocated target Where a formation of fighter aircraft have been given permission to engage a formation of multiple targets, the fighters will automatically be allocated to each target. This is known as a ‘sort plan’ BEST supports two types of ‘sort plan’ : ‘side side’ and ‘near far’ where ‘near far’ will be used when the targets are line astern, and ‘side side’ being used in all other cases Where possible, at least one fighter will be allocated to each target Where there are more fighters than targets, surplus fighters will formate with fighters which do have targets. In this case, should the primary fighter expend all weapons, the formatting fighters will continue the attack 19

20. Commercial-in-Confidence Fighter Missions - Refuel Fighter(s) will formate upon the nominated ‘tanker’ Fighters(s) will remain in formation until a defined refueling period has passed Where more than one fighter to be refueled, formation will remain until all fighters are refueled At the end of a refuel, fighter will have the same fuel as originally loaded Drop tanks will only be refueled if they are still present (see next slide) 20

21. Commercial-in-Confidence Fighter Missions - Fuel Usage Any aircraft can be defined as having a fuel load and fuel burn rates at specific speeds Fuel load can include main tanks and drop tanks Drop tanks are jettisoned if the fighter is given an ‘Engage’ mission System will deplete the fuel on each aircraft at the rate defined for the current speed Current ‘fuel state’ is shown as part of the NATO state, specified as the number of minutes before the fighter must return to home base Aircraft will automatically prompt with the NATO state unless the controller has already asked Aircraft will automatically prompt with fuel state as follows: State Lamb - produced a parameter time before the aircraft must return to base State Chicken - produced when the aircraft must return to base Fuel Emergency - produced when the aircraft can no longer reach base 21

22. Commercial-in-Confidence Automated Fighter Manoeuvres Drag Flank Beam Weave 22

23. Commercial-in-Confidence Drag 2 options – Drag left and drag right Drag will change the heading of the hostile aircraft to be 0-60 degrees left or right of the interceptor’s heading When initiated, a random value is chosen in this range and displayed in Pilot MMI 23

24. Commercial-in-Confidence Flank Flank changes heading of hostile aircraft to be 30-60 degrees from reciprocal of Interceptor, exact value chosen randomly by BEST Again, 2 options: Flank Left or Flank Right Flank generates a Pseudo Pilot prompt showing value generated 24

25. Commercial-in-Confidence Beam Beam left or right changes the heading of the hostile to be 70-110 degrees either side of interceptor’s heading. As before, Pseudo Pilot prompt will display the random value from within this range 25

26. Commercial-in-Confidence Weave Weave can be done for: Single aircraft Pairs of aircraft in inner group formations: Echelon Port Echelon Starboard Line Abreast Groups of 2 formations in outer group formations: Echelon Port Echelon Starboard Wall 26

27. Commercial-in-Confidence Weave As weaving is for head-on attacks, position the hostile aircraft accordingly in front of the interceptor’s path When weave is selected, the hostile aircraft changes heading to the reciprocal of the interceptor and commences weaving. Weave is configurable as per the options below 27

28. Commercial-in-Confidence Weave - Example Pairs of aircraft performing a single weave in firstly Echelon Starboard and secondly Line Abreast formation 28

29. Commercial-in-Confidence Fighter Commit Pairing lines can be added between any 2 aircraft These show the range and bearing and estimated time to target from one to the other They will update as the aircraft progress across the screen A maximum of 4 simultaneous pairing lines can be added at any one position Information regarding any pairing line can be viewed in the “Fighter Commit” box 29

30. Commercial-in-Confidence Fighter Commit Pairing Line 30

31. Commercial-in-Confidence Fighter Commit Box Once targets are committed, the “Fighter Commit” box will be populated This shows ID, Track, Altitude, Speed and Bearing/Range for both aircraft Where multiple pairs are committed, a “Select Pair” option will be added. Pressing this allows you to decide which committed pair to display in the “Fighter Commit” box 31

32. Commercial-in-Confidence Track Block When using a RAP display, to de-clutter the display a 2-line label format is displayed as standard However individual labels expand to an 8 line format when you roll the mouse over them 32

33. Commercial-in-Confidence Extended Track Block The Extended Track Block includes: Callsign – RSAF311 Magnetic track – 269 Level – C025 (Rxxx for 3D height) Speed – S123 M1 / M2 / M3 codes DLRN value – AB0003 Track Quality – TQ7 Assigned mission – “Refuel” Note – Speed is IAS unless over user definable level, default 15000ft 33

34. Commercial-in-Confidence RAP - Reduced Track Block Options There are five Reduced Track Blocks available - The default is Format A The Track Block Format window allows selection of 1 of the 5 Reduced Track Block options Different formats change the data in the radar trackblock 34

35. Commercial-in-Confidence Autotrack Reference Number All aircraft are allocated Autotrack Reference Numbers The format is 2 letters (based on the first radar whose cover they enter – set in Data Prep), with 3 sequential numbers added Autotrack Reference Numbers can be seen on trackblocks of primary aircraft And in the Track Data area on the Recognised Air Picture display 35

36. Commercial-in-Confidence Autotrack Reference Number (2) If this aircraft remains in constant cover but moves through different radars’ coverage, it will retain its existing autotrack throughout its journey If the aircraft leaves cover altogether and is then captured by a different radar, it will be allocated a new autotrack based on the 2 letter designator of the new radar 36

37. Commercial-in-Confidence 3D Height Radar Primary radars can give an approximation of aircraft height Example: 3D Height Radar has an of 10% Aircraft is at a real height of 20,000 feet At controller position, the aircraft will appear to be randomly up to 10% higher or 10% lower New value calculated on each radar sweep where real value changes (Climbing / descending) Once in level flight, no further calculations will be done The last height approximation generated will be used until the next level change 37

38. Commercial-in-Confidence 3D Height Radar Controller is viewing 3D PSR only, Pilot viewing PSR & SSR C prefix = Mode C R prefix = Radar approximated Aircraft given descent from F330 to F300 Controller values always within 10% (+/-) of true value but fluctuates on each return Once level at F300, no further change to controller output Pilot 38

39. Commercial-in-Confidence Electronic Counter Measures 39

40. Commercial-in-Confidence Radar Jamming An aircraft can be instructed to jam one or more radars Jamming Intensity can be low, medium or high 40

41. Commercial-in-Confidence Radar Jamming Different effects will be experienced in a jammed area, depending on the strength of the jamming signal and the coverage level of the effected aircraft Jam Power Low Medium High Primary Radar Probability of detection reduced according to detection value All primary contacts removed in affected area All primary contacts removed in affected area Secondary Radar No effect No effect All secondary contacts removed in affected area 41

42. Commercial-in-Confidence Radar Jamming The Jam Width will be shown (green area) on the screen if Primary (Raw) Radar is being shown on the Radar Display 42

43. Commercial-in-Confidence Radar Jamming and Track Quality In the extended Track block, there is an entry for Track Quality Values go from 0-7, prefixed TQ Track quality is an indication of how confident we are in a particular primary return It is calculated based on a combination of Target Reflective Area, Wake Vortex Category, quality of radar cover and any jamming effects that may be taking place 43

44. Commercial-in-Confidence Radar Jamming and Track Quality Low TQ values indicate an aircraft that is likely to fade in and out of primary cover Aircraft that pass through a jammed area will see their TQ degrade as jamming takes place Level of degradation will be dependent on strength of jamming signal 44

45. Commercial-in-Confidence Spoof Targets Aircraft can be set to generate spoof targets onto a radar Spoof targets have their own labels and datablocks 45

46. Commercial-in-Confidence Short Video AD Radar Display (Not a full demo) 46

47. Commercial-in-Confidence ASD100 AD System Integration (not full demo) 47