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High Middle Ages. 1000-1300. Timeline for European Expansion. 1000-1300: Europe’s population increases 300%; Britain’s increases from 3M to 5M. 1096-1099: Europeans establish crusader states. 1100s: initial formation of Hanseatic League 1100s: Drang nach Osten begins to accelerate
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High Middle Ages 1000-1300
Timeline for European Expansion • 1000-1300: Europe’s population increases 300%; Britain’s increases from 3M to 5M. • 1096-1099: Europeans establish crusader states. • 1100s: initial formation of Hanseatic League • 1100s: Drang nach Osten begins to accelerate • 1135: Geoffrey of Monmouth writes his History • 1140s: Gothic style of architecture develops in France • 1154-1199: Kings of England establish Angevin Empire • 1215: King John signs Magna Carta
What was the main point of Friday’s class? • The Norman Conquest brought England into closer contact with Continental European trends • The Norman Conquest had little impact on English cultural development • I was wondering about that. • I have no idea.
Outlaw Legends 1066-1400 How were they related to the expansion characteristic of the age?
Discuss Keen • If the author disavows some of his original findings, what is the value of this book? • What was “justifiable law breaking?” • What were Keen’s original thoughts about the origins of RH and how did he change that view? • How does that change alter our understanding of the work? • What were the essential features of the outlaw legends?
Keen initially argued that the Robin Hood legend expressed the grievances of… • The Anglo-Saxon elite • The Justices of the Peace • Merchants and burgesses • The peasantry • All of the above
How does Keen characterize his work in his introduction to the second edition? • As the authoritative account of outlaw legends • As a flawed but seminal work • As a comprehensive guide to the culture of the High Middle Ages • As a piece of fiction
Discuss Keen • Why did outlaws become heroes? What did that tendency suggest about the government? • Who were some the historical outlaws of England? • What were they like? • How did they interact with royal government?
Discuss Keen • In what sense was RH a “gentlman bandit?” • What class of society and region of England did he hail from? • How did communities and the crown employ outlaws by the 1300s? • What was the historical context surrounding the writing of Blin’ Harry’s Wallace?
Where did Keen originally think that the Robin Hood ballads originated? • Around peasant campfires • In the great halls of the gentry and lesser nobility • At the courts of the high aristocracy • In the monasteries of the Anglo-Normans
High Middle Ages 1000-1300
Westminster AbbeyCelebrating the Cult of St. Edward the Confessor
Eleanor of Aquitaine (1122-1204)Henry II (1133-89)Richard I (1157-1199)
The English Peasantry 1000-1400
Women used distaffs (often much larger than the ones pictured at left) to create thread from wool • Bridegrooms often gave a distaff as a symbolic present to their wife around the time of marriage • The distaff was a symbol for women throughout Europe
Keen now believes that the Robin Hood ballads provided entertainment in… • The Great Halls of local gentlemen • Peasant campfires • Guildhalls of urban laborers • Cathedral and monasteries of the Church
How did violent historical outlaws, such as the Folvilles and Coterels, attract sympathy & support? • Because people were just warped in the Middle Ages • Because the administration of justice was notoriously corrupt • Because they were as courteous and generous as Robin Hood • Because they exploited Anglo-Saxon grievances against Normans
Where did the Robin Hood legends take place? • Barnesdale • Lincoln • Nottingham • Chester
From which class of society did Robin Hood hail? • The gentry • The merchant class • Urban Proletariat • The Yeomanry